Project 5 - The Neurobiology of Social Decision-Making: Social Inference and Context

项目5.项目摘要。 项目5将对前额叶有局灶性病变的人进行行为和功能磁共振成像研究 皮质，从爱荷华州大学的病变登记处招募。它是我们目前的Conte的主要扩展 中心，并有一个在爱荷华州的PI丹尼尔特拉内尔。它的三个目标集中在基本的解离 决策系统（继续与项目1在我们目前的康特中心），社会推理的研究 (the与更新项目2目标1相同的任务），以及探索补偿加工的功能磁共振成像研究。 考虑到与其他项目的密切联系，它还包括来自其他项目的几名PI（Adolphs， O 'Doherty）以及共享的博士后。 项目5的首要目标是使用损伤方法来研究 前额叶皮层的特定区域，这是对社会决策最重要的大脑区域。我们 特别感兴趣的是PFC的中间区域，已知是代表价值和社会的关键。 推理，和背外侧前额叶皮层，已知是重要的上下文相关的调节。如何 对这些区域的损害可能会使社会决策过程的特定组成部分分离， 它如何通过保持完整的网络组件进行补偿处理，在很大程度上是 未开发的这将是对孔蒂中心所有其他研究的至关重要的补充，因为它 提供了一个了解大脑区域必要作用的窗口。 目的1关注腹内侧前额叶皮层在目标导向或习惯控制中的作用， 工具选择我们将建立在强有力的试验数据基础上，这些数据首次在人类身上显示， 对目标导向的选择至关重要，而不是基于习惯的选择。Aim 2将使用开发的全部任务 在项目2的目标1下，探索前额叶皮层在社会推理中的必要作用。此任务 电池探测器推断社会或非社会刺激，作为认知负荷的函数，以面部 表情或手部动作以及其他因素。最后，目标3将分析目标1和目标2下完成的任务 在功能磁共振成像实验中，检查负责可能的补偿任务表现的神经区域。 这些研究将在30名前额叶皮质局灶性慢性病变患者中进行， 其他部位有病变的受试者和30名健康对照受试者，使用基于ROI和 基于体素的病变映射。我们将特别查询的一些ROI是由fMRI生成的 项目1、2和3中的研究：这些fMRI研究告诉我们健康大脑中哪些区域被激活，但只有 项目5可以告诉我们，这些区域内的损伤是否也会影响社会推理和决策- 做表演

Project 5. Project Summary. Project 5 will conduct behavioral and fMRI studies in people who have focal lesions to the prefrontal cortex, recruited from the lesion registry at the University of Iowa. It is a major extension of our current Conte Center, and has a subcontract to PI Daniel Tranel at Iowa. Its three Aims focus on dissociation of basic decision-making systems (continuous with Project 1 in our current Conte Center), studies of social inference (the same tasks as under the renewal Project 2, Aim 1), and fMRI studies probing compensatory processing. Given the strong links to other Projects, it also includes as personnel several PIs from other Projects (Adolphs, O'Doherty) as well as shared post-docs. The overarching goal of Project 5 is to use the lesion method to investigate the necessary role of specific sectors of the prefrontal cortex, the brain region most important for social decision-making. We are particularly interested in medial regions of the PFC, known to be critical for representing value and social inference, and in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, known to be important for context-dependent regulation. How damage to these regions may dissociate specific components of the social decision-making process, let alone how it may engage compensatory processing through remaining intact network components, is largely unexplored. This will be a crucially important complement to all other studies under this Conte Center, since it provides a window into the necessary role of brain regions. Aim 1 focuses on the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in goal-directed or habit-based control in instrumental choice. We will build on strong pilot data that shows, for the first time in humans, that the vmPFC is essential for goal-directed, but not habit-based choice. Aim 2 will use the full battery of tasks developed under Aim 1 of Project 2 to probe the necessary role of the prefrontal cortex in social inference. This task battery probes inferences made to social or nonsocial stimuli, as a function of cognitive load, to facial expressions or hand actions, and other factors. Finally, Aim 3 will analyze the tasks under Aims 1 and 2 done in fMRI experiments, to examine the neural regions responsible for possible compensatory task performances. The studies will be executed in 30 patients with focal, chronic lesions to the prefrontal cortex, 30 subjects with lesions elsewhere, and 30 healthy comparison subjects, using a combination of ROI-based and voxel-based lesion mapping. Some of the ROIs we will specifically query are those generated from the fMRI studies in Projects 1, 2 and 3: those fMRI studies tell us which regions are activated in healthy brains, but only Project 5 can tell us if damage within those same regions also compromises social inference and decision- making performances.