Impaired Risk Awareness during Intoxication in Recidivist DUI Offenders

项目摘要/摘要 在美国，与酒精相关的交通伤亡仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题。 酒后驾车(DUI)仍然是最频繁的重复违规行为之一，超过三分之一的 违规者将在五年内被控第二次酒后驾车。预防计划涉及激励 访谈和教育，重点是提高犯罪者对与以下方面相关的风险的认识 饮酒(即提高“风险意识”)。我们的实验室研究检测了对 酒后驾车罪犯的酒精含量，并表明他们表现出更强的冲动和更低的知觉 减损。这表明，在做出关键决定时，醉酒状态下缺乏风险意识 关于是否开车的问题。这份为期4年的R01提案以这一证据为基础，通过测试 以反馈为基础的培训，以提高酒后驾车罪犯对与饮酒相关的风险的认识。酒后驾车 罪犯将接受基于经验反馈的培训，在培训中，他们将被给予受控剂量的 并接受结构化反馈和培训，以准确评估酒精对行为损害的影响 并准确估计他们呼出的酒精浓度。这项研究验证了这一假设 培训将提高酒后驾车罪犯在酒后驾车期间的风险意识，这一点很明显 对酒精的反应具有去抑制和冒险作用。我们对酒精的非典型反应的证据 酒后驾车罪犯真正开辟了新的领域，并为新的干预措施确定了有希望的治疗目标 减少累犯率。测试这种基于经验的反馈方法的有效性是合乎逻辑的下一步 通过建立到目前为止的基础科学而推进该领域的一步。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Alcohol-related traffic fatality and injury continue to be a major public health problem in the United States. Driving under the influence (DUI) remains one of the most frequently repeated offenses, with over one-third of offenders being charged with a second DUI offense within five years. Prevention programs involve motivational interviewing and education with emphasis on increasing the offender’s perceptions of the risks associated with alcohol use (i.e., increasing “risk awareness”). Our laboratory research has examined acute responses to alcohol in DUI offenders and showed they display heightened impulsivity and reduced perceptions of impairment. This suggests a lack of risk awareness in the intoxicated state, when critical decisions are made about whether or not to drive. This 4-year R01 proposal builds on this evidence by testing the efficacy of feedback-based training to increase DUI offenders’ perceptions of risk associated with alcohol use. DUI offenders will undergo experiential feedback-based training in which they are administered controlled doses of alcohol and receive structured feedback and training to accurately appraise the behavioral impairing effects of the dose and accurately estimate their breath alcohol concentration. The research tests the hypothesis that this training will increase risk awareness among DUI offenders during intoxication as evident by reduced disinhibiting and risk-taking effects in response to alcohol. Our evidence for atypical reactions to alcohol among DUI offenders truly breaks new ground and identifies promising treatment targets for new interventions to reduce recidivism. Testing the efficacy of this experiential-based feedback approach represents a logical next step that advances the field by building upon the basic science to date.