Ecological assessment of social network contacts in drinking contexts: Peer proximity detection using wearable sensors

摘要 年轻人饮酒最经常发生在社交便利的背景下，在团体中和亲密的朋友一起， 而这种情况是过度饮酒的高风险。生态瞬时评估(EMA)具有 用于收集有关饮酒事件的信息，但依赖参与者在 同伴密集的情况是有局限性的。一种检测和表征社交饮酒的有希望的手段 上下文是使用一种不显眼的基于传感器的方法，即基于蓝牙的发射器，在 EMA协议。在此应用程序中，我们建议开发使用蓝牙设备的最佳方法 检测年轻人之间的接触，以便收集有关高危社交饮酒的实时信息 情况。该项目的目标是：(1)确定环境管理领域议定书的可行性和可接受性，使用 基于蓝牙的参与者及其同伴之间的接触检测；(2)评估蓝牙 以用户体验和应用程序数据衡量的功能方面的技术，以及可靠性，如 以蓝牙检测社交接触和参与者自我报告之间的一致性来衡量；以及 (3)关于对等体特征的预测效用来评价对等体选择过程 酒精参与的交互作用，并评估同伴特征在 蓝牙技术的可行性、可接受性、功能性和可靠性。在试点阶段之后， 一小群(N=5)参与者调整程序和技术，社区样本为35名年轻人 成年饮酒者(18-24岁)将完成为期三周的EMA研究。参与者首先将完成一项社交 网络访谈，以评估亲密同伴关系的特征(质量、互动频率、 与同伴一起饮酒的频率)。参与者将确定将被要求执行以下操作的三个同行 携带ID编码的小型蓝牙信标或下载应用程序(对等点将不会参与EMA 阶段)。EMA协议将包括在检测到对等蓝牙信号时的信号相关提示， 这也将促使对社会背景(包括同龄人的存在和饮酒行为)进行调查 作为随机提示、饮酒事件应急调查和早晨调查。在EMA阶段之后，后续行动 对参与者和同行进行的访谈将评估用户体验(可行性、可接受性 方法)。分析将包括参与者和同行的注册、合规性和保留、功能 蓝牙方法，特别注意丢失数据、传感器和自我报告之间的一致性 数据，并分析不同的同伴特征如何预测这些结果。这样做的主要目标是 创新建议是获取关于用户体验和蓝牙传感器可用性的数据，以开发尖端技术 程序、措施和技术，以支持对饮酒社会背景的更大规模调查，并提供 针对青少年饮酒的适时适应性干预措施的制定和时机的基础 当行为适合改变的时候，自然环境。

ABSTRACT Young adult drinking most frequently occurs in a social facilitation context, in groups and with close friends, and such situations are high risk for excessive alcohol use. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been used to gather information about drinking episodes, but relying on participants to initiate reports under peer-intensive circumstances has limitations. A promising means to detect and characterize social drinking contexts is to use an unobtrusive sensor-based approach, a Bluetooth-based transmitter, in the context of an EMA protocol. In this application we propose to develop the optimal methods for using Bluetooth devices to detect contact between young adults in order to gather real-time information about high-risk social drinking situations. The project’s aims are to: (1) establish the feasibility and acceptability of an EMA protocol using Bluetooth-based detection of contacts among participants and their peers; (2) evaluate the Bluetooth technology with regard to functionality, as measured by user experience and app data, and reliability, as measured by the concordance between Bluetooth detection of social contact and participant self-report; and (3) evaluate the peer selection process with regard to the predictive utility of peer characteristics for interactions with alcohol involvement and to evaluate the moderating role of peer characteristics on the feasibility, acceptability, functionality, and reliability of the Bluetooth technology. Following a pilot phase with a small (N = 5) group of participants to adjust procedures and technologies, a community sample of 35 young adult drinkers (age 18-24) will complete a three-week EMA study. Participants first will complete a social network interview to assess characteristics of close peer relationships (quality, frequency of interaction, frequency of consuming alcohol with the peer). The participant will identify three peers who will be asked to carry a small ID-coded Bluetooth beacon or download an app (peers will not otherwise participate in the EMA phase). The EMA protocol will include signal-contingent prompts when the peer Bluetooth signal is detected, which will prompt a survey about the social context (including presence and drinking behavior of peers), as well as random prompts, drinking event-contingent surveys, and morning surveys. After the EMA phase, a follow-up interview administered to participants and peers will assess user experience (feasibility, acceptability of methods). Analyses will include enrollment, compliance, and retention of participants and peers, functionality of the Bluetooth approach with special attention to missing data, concordance between sensor and self-report data, and analysis of how different peer characteristics predict these outcomes. The primary objective of this innovative proposal is to obtain data on user experience and Bluetooth sensor usability to develop cutting-edge procedures, measures, and technology to support a larger investigation of drinking social context and provide a basis for the development and timing of just-in-time adaptive interventions that target youth alcohol use in the natural environment at a time when behavior is opportune for modification.