The Early Growth and Development Study Pediatric Cohort

7.项目摘要/摘要 越来越多的证据表明，从怀孕到5岁的暴露会导致健康缺陷和 会导致终生的后果。我们建议利用并建立一个独特的现有“双重家庭”。 采用设计将早期环境暴露与可遗传影响分离出来 健康问题有助于Echo的总体目标，即调查早期生命暴露和 儿童健康和疾病的潜在生物学机制。我们的儿科样本将从 三个队列的儿童(N=1,201名儿童)，从早些时候出生起就被前瞻性地跟踪 生长发育研究(EGDS)。EGDS队列由两种类型的家庭组成：收养家庭 其中孩子与养育父母(n=790名儿童)和亲生家庭中的任何一个没有基因上的关系 该儿童与养育父母(n=411名)有基因上的关系。在这些家庭中，我们有n= 927对两种类型的兄弟姐妹：(1)分开居住的兄弟姐妹，其中一个兄弟姐妹在出生时被收养，并与 基因上没有血缘关系的父母和另一个兄弟姐妹留在了亲生之家，由 亲生父母(n=365对)和(2)在收养家庭或领养家庭生活在一起的兄弟姐妹 生物家园(n=562对)。我们建立了可靠的研究基础设施，出类拔萃 儿童早期家庭社会环境、病历资料、DNA和唾液皮质醇的测量 样本、高保留率以及可靠和透明的数据共享方法。我们会用我们的油井- 建立预期采用样本，以(A)帮助澄清关于环境影响的因果推论 关于神经发育和肥胖，以及(B)探索遗传儿童之间正在展开的相互作用 从出生到青春期的特征和环境影响。在养育孩子的群体中 对于亲生父母来说，很难区分社会环境和基因的作用 影响。我们的双家庭设计解决了这个根本的困惑。在本应用程序中，我们强调 神经发育的焦点领域；然而，我们的样本和方法也非常适合于检查 环境对肥胖的影响和航空公司的重点领域，作为第二和第三重点。在UG3中 阶段中，我们将(1)论证通过重新生成和同意将家庭重新生成ECHO的可行性 有1,000名儿童的家庭；(2)通过对成人医疗进行试点量表编码，为UH3时期做好准备 记录，试用我们的地理编码系统，进行初步分析，并开发和测试简要 社会环境逆境的衡量；以及(3)与回声指导委员会合作和规划。在……里面 在UH3期间，我们将(1)在UG3活动的基础上，加强我们对环境和 EGDS队列中的遗传风险通过家庭和电话评估神经发育、肥胖、 呼吸道功能和社会环境；以及(2)按照确定的方式在联合体范围内开展ECHO活动 回声指导委员会。

7. Project Summary/Abstract Increasing evidence suggests that exposures from pregnancy through age 5 can result in health deficits and lead to life-long consequences. We propose to leverage and build upon a unique existing “dual-family” adoption design to isolate early environmental exposures from heritable influences on familial clustering of health problems to contribute to ECHO's overall goal of investigating the role of early life exposures and underlying biological mechanisms in childhood health and disease. Our pediatric sample will be drawn from three cohorts of children (N = 1,201 children) who have been followed prospectively since birth in the Early Growth and Development Study (EGDS). The EGDS cohorts consist of two types of families: adoptive families in which the child is not genetically related to either rearing parent (n = 790 children), and biological families in which the child is genetically related to the rearing parent (n = 411 children). Within these families, we have n = 927 sibling pairs of two types: (1) siblings living apart, in which one sibling was adopted at birth and reared with genetically unrelated parents and the other sibling remained in the biological home and was reared by the biological parent from birth (n = 365 pairs), and (2) siblings living together either in the adoptive home or the biological home (n = 562 pairs). We have established a reliable research infrastructure, exceptional measurement of the early childhood family social environment, medical records data, DNA and salivary cortisol samples, high retention rates, and reliable and transparent data-sharing methods. We will use our well- established prospective adoption sample to (a) help clarify causal inferences about environmental influences on neurodevelopment and obesity, and (b) explore the unfolding interplay between inherited child characteristics and environmental influences from birth to adolescence. In cohorts in which children are reared by biological parents, it is difficult to differentiate the role of the social environment from that of genetic influences. Our dual-family design addresses this fundamental confound. In this application, we emphasize the Focus Area of Neurodevelopment; however, our sample and approach are also well suited for examining environmental influences on Obesity and Airways Focus Areas, as secondary and tertiary foci. In the UG3 phase, we will (1) demonstrate the feasibility of rerecruiting families into ECHO by rerecruiting and consenting families of 1,000 children; (2) prepare for the UH3 period by conducting pilot scale coding of adult medical records, piloting our geocoding system, conducting preliminary analyses, and developing and testing a brief measure of social environmental adversity; and (3) collaborate and plan with the ECHO Steering Committee. In the UH3 period, we will (1) build on the UG3 activities by enhancing our assessment of environmental and inherited risks in the EGDS cohort through in-home and phone assessments of neurodevelopment, obesity, airway function, and the social environment; and (2) conduct ECHO consortium-wide activities as determined by the ECHO Steering Committee.