Emotion Processing: Risk for Psychopathology in Children

项目摘要/摘要 这些实验将进一步理解虐待儿童是如何以及为什么会导致广泛的心理障碍。 以及身体健康问题。尽管每年有数百万儿童遭受各种形式的虐待儿童 在美国，人们对这种经历如何影响大脑行为发育知之甚少。《将军》 这项研究的目的是确定环境体验如何塑造神经电路，从而导致 儿童心理健康问题，并确定如何针对这些系统为儿童提供治疗 受影响的个体。在这里，我们将测试可能导致受虐待儿童问题的学习方面。一次 我们确定了一种机制，我们将把我们的基础科学推进到临床前空间，通过确定这些 机械装置会对实验室的操作做出反应。具体目标是：(1)明确机制 受虐待儿童的影响，导致有效学习所需系统的发展变化 在社会互动的背景下交流、解释和调节情绪；(2)确定 这些过程最容易通过实验操作来改变。拟议中的实验 结合神经成像、行为和计算方法来检查精确和新颖的问题 关于虐待儿童的经历如何转变为潜在的大脑网络中断 情感上的病态。本项目：(1)调查8-14岁儿童的发展变化，包括 当许多心理健康问题出现时，关键的青春期转变，(2)探索离散的发展 可作为干预目标的机制，(3)有足够的权力适当地检验假说，(4) 相关大脑-行为关系的各个方面都与RDoC维度结构相关 和DSM诊断，以及(5)使用复杂的计算严谨性来真正询问关键问题 正在接受审查。因为虐待儿童是许多后续心理健康问题的强大决定因素， 从这个项目产生的数据对构思新颖和更精确的概念具有深远的影响 对弱势儿童的治疗。它将通过确定慢性应激暴露对人类神经的影响来做到这一点。 在大脑发育的早期，大脑可能对环境的影响特别敏感。这个 项目从对风险组的描述转向定义和指定机械性的方式 环境会对大脑和行为产生长期影响。这些焦点蕴含着巨大的希望 促进知识和应用，以改善公共卫生。

Project Summary/Abstract These experiments will further understanding about how and why child abuse leads to a broad range of mental and physical health problems. Although millions of children experience various forms of child abuse each year in the US, little is understood about how this experience influences brain-behavioral development. The General Aim of this research is to determine how environmental experience shapes neural circuitry in ways that lead to child mental health problems, and determine how these systems can be targeted to provide treatments for affected individuals. Here, we will test aspects of learning that might underlie problems in abused children. Once we identify a mechanism, we will advance our basic science to a pre-clinical space by determining if these mechanisms are responsive to laboratory manipulations. The Specific Aims are: (1) To specify the mechanisms affected by child abuse that lead to developmental changes in systems needed to effectively learn to communicate, interpret, and regulate emotion in the context of social interactions; (2) To determine which of these processes are most amenable to change through experimental manipulation. The proposed experiments combine neuroimaging, behavioral, and computational approaches to examine precise and novel questions about how experiences of child abuse are transformed into disruptions of the brain networks underlying emotional pathologies. This project: (1) Examines developmental change in children ages 8-14 years, covering critical pubertal transitions when many mental health problems emerge, (2) Probes discrete developmental mechanisms that can be targeted for intervention, (3) Is amply powered to properly test the hypotheses, (4) Characterizes aspects of relevant brain-behavior relationships are related to both RDoC dimensional constructs and DSM diagnoses, and (5) Employs sophisticated computational rigor to truly interrogate the critical questions under examination. Because child abuse is a powerful determinant of many subsequent mental health problems, the data generated from this project has profound implications for conceptualizing novel and more precise treatments for vulnerable children. It will do so by determining effects of chronic stress exposure on human neural circuitry early in development, when the brain may be particularly sensitive to environmental influences. The project moves away from description of risk groups to defining and specifying mechanistic ways in which the environment creates long-term effects on brain and behavior. These foci hold tremendous promise for advancement of knowledge and application to improvement of public health.