Oscillatory Contributions to Working Memory and Attention

项目摘要 工作记忆研究中一个日益突出的主题是信息可以被保存在 WM处于不同的优先级状态。PI的团队已经探索了这一点，并采用了一种程序， 从关注的焦点看工作记忆的内容。在这个双重串行回溯（DSR）任务中， WM被提示为即将到来的记忆探测的目标，从而获得“关注记忆”的状态 项目”（AMI）。尽管未提示项（“无人值守内存项”，UMI）不能从WM中删除 （因为它可能会在试验后期进行测试），其主动保留的多变量证据，如用 功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）或脑电图（EEG），下降到基线水平。这 一个新的、意想不到的发现--WM中的信息可能缺乏可检测的活动痕迹--促使了 将通过追求三个具体目标来解决几个重要问题： 目的1：检验对无人注意记忆项目（UMI）的认知控制是通过 控制空间和非空间注意力的额顶叶机制。 目的2：检验视觉刺激的选择，无论是来自环境还是来自工作记忆， 完成，部分是通过劫持低频振荡动力学来实现的，这是唤醒的基础- 视觉系统的皮质丘脑回路的状态生理学。 目的3：验证语境结合功能对大脑皮层延迟期活动的影响这一假设。 后顶叶皮质（PPC）。 这些目标将通过采用颅外EEG的实验来实现，在许多情况下， 经颅磁刺激（TMS），在神经健康的年轻人，以及与实验 从接受术前计划的患者中采集皮层电图（ECoG）记录，作为 癫痫的临床治疗。从宏观上看，本文提出的研究方案 解决了一个对认知神经科学和心理健康至关重要的问题： 我们控制思想内容的机制它对心理健康的潜在影响 从与之相关的心理过程中得出（例如，沉思的思维模式， 认知重新评价，幻觉，处理创伤），以及从神经生理学机制， 精神疾病中的紊乱（例如，精神分裂症中紊乱的神经振荡模式）。

PROJECT SUMMARY An increasingly prominent theme in working memory (WM) research is the idea that information can be held in WM in different states of priority. The PI's group has explored this with a procedure that unconfounds the contents of WM from the focus of attention. In this dual serial retrocuing (DSR) task, one of two items held in WM is cued as the target of an impending memory probe, thereby acquiring the status of “attended memory item” (AMI). Although the uncued item (the “unattended memory item,” UMI) can't be dropped from WM (because it may be tested later in the trial), multivariate evidence for its active retention, as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or electroencephalography (EEG), drops to baseline levels. This novel and unexpected finding – that information in WM can lack a detectable active trace -- has prompted several important questions that will be addressed by pursuing three specific aims: Aim 1: To test the hypothesis that the cognitive control of unattended memory items (UMI) is implemented by the same frontoparietal mechanisms that control spatial and nonspatial attention. Aim 2: To test the hypothesis that the selection of visual stimuli, whether from the environment or from WM, is accomplished, in part, by the hijacking of low-frequency oscillatory dynamics that are fundamental to the waking- state physiology of the corticothalamic circuitry of the visual system. Aim 3: To test the hypothesis that the function of context binding contributes to delay-period activity of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). These Aims will be pursued with experiments that employ extracranial EEG, in many cases with concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), in neurologically healthy young adults, as well as with experiments acquiring electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings from patients undergoing presurgical planning as a part of the clinical treatment of their epilepsy. From a broad perspective, the research program proposed here addresses a question that is of central importance for cognitive neuroscience and for mental health: What are the mechanisms whereby we control the contents of our thoughts? Its potential implications for mental health derive both from the psychological processes for which it has relevance (e.g., ruminative thought patterns, cognitive reappraisal, hallucination, processing trauma), and from the neurophysiological mechanisms that are disordered in psychiatric disease (e.g., patterns of disordered neural oscillations in schizophrenia).