Neuroimmunology of Disease Training Program

摘要 尽管在基础和转化神经科学研究方面取得了进展，但有效的治疗方法 神经变性、神经炎症、精神病、发育和神经感染性疾病仍然存在于 想要美国国立卫生研究院已经认可了改善疾病结果的临床研究 并因此启动了培训研究人员的计划，这些研究人员可以概念化新的疾病方法， 神经系统疾病的有效治疗。一个关键的"需要"领域是神经免疫， 尽管它与广泛的神经系统疾病的病理生物学密切相关，但研究不足。的 在神经科学和免疫学学科中培养不同学生群体的传统阻碍了这一领域的发展。 增长继显着的培训成功，我们寻求继续在研究中培养博士前学生 神经免疫学与神经元损伤、分化、再生和保护的联系。程序 旨在培养4名博士前学生在1年或2年的任命与广泛接触的研究时间 促进最佳方法、技术和结果熟练度的方法。每个学生都能获得一个广泛的 跨学科领域知识。这允许对炎症如何影响疾病进行批判性思考 发病机制和治疗。为实现这些目标，提出了几种方法。第一，提供 学生的培训机会，交叉免疫和神经功能的多学科研究。第二、 是使用我们的教科书《神经免疫药理学》，专门作为交叉点的指导， 神经科学，免疫学和药理学之间的联系这是在我们的神经免疫学课程教授。第三、 我们将提供一个独特的概念框架，以整合相关的神经免疫学研究方法。 这包括，但不限于，系统生物学，细胞信号，神经胶质和神经元生物学，相关的啮齿动物 实验室模型和突触网络生理学。第四，我们的双月研讨会与学生 介绍给该计划的神经科学和免疫学教师和统计学家，以获得反馈， 研究设计，定量方法的使用和限制，统计解释， 正在进行的研究活动。这些是高度互动的，深入研究和补充的机制 正式的学生研究报告在该计划的年度务虚会。第五，临床神经学 获得神经系统疾病的现实世界的观点的大局。第六，是"跨- 学科实习"，学生将在另一个实验室完成论文组成部分（S）使用不同的 研究方法和导师。第七，持续的社区、大学和后勤支持。通过 协调由神经免疫共同兴趣联系在一起的不同研究小组的培训工作， 学员将加深对先天性和适应性免疫与神经系统疾病的关系的理解。 疾病这些受训人员将更好地准备在疾病病理学研究方面发展成功的事业 和人类神经系统疾病的治疗干预。

ABSTRACT Despite advances in basic and translational neuroscience research, effective therapeutics for neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, psychiatric, developmental, and neuroinfectious disorders remain in want. The National Institutes of Health has recognized bench to bedside research to improve disease outcomes and as such initiated programs to train researchers who can conceptualize new disease approaches to aide in effective treatments for neurological disease. One critical “in need” area is neuroimmunity which remains understudied despite its close linkage to the pathobiology of a broad spectrum of neurological disorders. The tradition of training separate groups of students in the disciplines of neuroscience and immunology hinders field growth. Following notable training successes, we seek continuance in training of predoctoral students in studies of neuroimmunology with linkages to neuronal injury, differentiation, regeneration, and protection. The program is designed to train 4 predoctoral students at a time in 1 or 2 year appointments with broad exposures to research methods facilitating best approach, technical, and outcome proficiency. And that each student acquires a broad interdisciplinary field knowledge. This allows for critical thinking in how inflammation affects disease pathogenesis and treatment. Several approaches are proposed to achieve these goals. First, is providing students training opportunities for multidisciplinary studies that intersect immunity and neural function. Second, is the use of our textbook Neuroimmune Pharmacology designed specifically as a guide in the intersections between neuroscience, immunology, and pharmacology. This is taught in our Neuroimmunology course. Third, we will provide a unique conceptual framework to integrate approaches relevant to neuroimmunology research. This contains, but is not limited to, systems biology, cell signaling, glial and neuronal biology, relevant rodent and laboratory models, and synaptic-network physiology. Fourth, are our bi-monthly workshops with student presentations to the program’s neuroscience and immunology faculty and a statistician to acquire feedback in research design, uses and limits of quantitative approaches, statistical interpretations, and conceptualization of ongoing research activities. These are highly interactive, diving into the mechanics of research and complement the formal student research presentations at the program’s annual retreat. Fifth, are clinical neurological experiences to gain the big-picture of a real-world perspective of neurological disease. Sixth, are “cross- disciplinary internships” where students will complete thesis component(s) in another laboratory using a different research approach and mentor. Seventh, are sustained community, university, and logistical support. By coordinating the training efforts of divergent research groups linked by common interests in neuroimmunity, trainees will develop deeper understandings of innate and adaptive immunity in relationship to neurologic disease. Such trainees will be better prepared to develop successful careers in studies of disease pathobiology and therapeutic interventions for human nervous system disorders.