Genetic And Experiential Influences On The Development Of Primate Vocal Behavior

这项研究和另一个项目(HD001123)一起研究灵长类动物的听觉交流。这些研究的总体目标是从发育、神经机制、内分泌因素和社会背景等方面全面了解灵长类听觉交流。两个物种，松鼠猴和普通的绒猴，一直是主要的研究对象，并在适当的情况下从其他物种收集额外的数据。本项目从生物声学和行为学的角度研究灵长类动物的交流，侧重于自然环境中发声的详细声学结构，以及结构差异与年龄、性别、经验和反应选择性差异的关系，以及社会背景和遗传背景等更广泛的因素。该项目之前的工作已经确定，婴儿哭声的详细声学结构有相当大的个体差异，至少在生命的前3个月是稳定的。 该项目目前的重点是分析多年来从我们殖民地收集的发声数据，以产生在短暂的社会分离背景下发声发展的全面图景。这是一个独特的项目，因为之前没有关于非人类灵长类群体中声音发育的纵向分析。收集了3种非人类灵长类动物的数据。今年，对出生第一周的普通绒猴(Callithrix Jacchus)幼崽短暂分离期间收集的发声进行了分析。对来自一个队列(J队列)的36名婴儿进行了分析。其中32人出生为双胞胎(绒猴的常见模式)，另外还有4个单胞胎。出生时的年龄从22到34克不等。记录是在出生后1-2天进行的(在此期间，毛皮上会有剃光的斑块，以提供个人身份识别)。婴儿被轻轻地与父母分开，放在一个单独的安静房间里的一个穿孔的小称重盒里的软垫上。婴儿通常在分开后立即开始发声。录音在5分钟或更短的时间内终止，婴儿回到父母身边。在这种情况下发出的发声有6个声学亚型。大约一半的双胞胎产生了与他们的双胞胎兄弟姐妹非常相似的叫声模式。在一周大的时候，用类似的方法重复记录。呼叫模式较少，因此，双胞胎兄弟姐妹在大多数情况下都有共同的呼叫行为。这些结果首次全面描述了非人类灵长类中新生儿的叫声行为。认证系谱学家朱迪思·纽曼正在开发一个数据库，该数据库将提供对殖民地成员的家庭关系的随时访问，这将有助于比较相关个人的发声行为。

This and a companion project (HD001123) investigate auditory communication in primates. The overall goal of these studies is to provide a comprehensive understanding of primate auditory communication in terms of development, neural mechanisms, endocrine factors, and social context. Two species, the squirrel monkey and the common marmoset, have been the main subjects of study, with additional data collected from other species where appropriate. The present project studies primate communication from a bioacoustic and ethological perspective, focusing on the detailed acoustic structure of vocalizations produced in natural settings, and the relationship of structural differences to differences in age, gender, experience and response selectivity, as well as the broader factors of social context and genetic background. Prior work in this project has determined that there is considerable individual variation in the detailed acoustic structure of infant cries, which is stable over at least the first 3 months of life. The project is currently focusing on the analysis of vocal data collected from our colony over a number of years, to produce a comprehensive picture of vocal development in the context of brief periods of social separation. This is a unique project, as no prior longitudinal analyses of vocal development in a non-human primate colony exist. Data have been collected from 3 species of non-human primate. This year, vocalizations collected during brief separations of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) infants in their first week of life have been analyzed. Thirty-six infants from one cohort (the 'J' cohort) were analyzed. Thirty-two were born as twins (the usual pattern in marmosets), with four additional singletons. Ages at birth ranged from 22 to 34 grams. Recordings were made 1-2 days after birth (during which time shaved patches were made in the fur to provide individual identification). Infants were gently separated from a parent and placed on a soft pad in a small, perforated weighing box in a separate, quiet room. Infants typically began vocalizing immediately upon separation. Recordings were terminated after 5 minutes or less, and the infant returned to its parents. Vocalizations made in this context were of 6 acoustic sub-types. About half of the twins produced calling patterns very similar to those of their twin sibling. Recordings were repeated at one week of age, using similar methods. Calling patterns were fewer, and, as a consequence, twin siblings shared calling behavior in most cases. These results represent the first comprehensive description of the calling behavior of neonates in a non-human primate. A database being developed by a certified genealogist, Judith Newman, will provide ready access to the familial relationships of the members of the colony, which will facilitate comparisons of the vocal behavior of related individuals.