High-voltage direct-current (HVDC) grids

为了可靠、高效地满足日益增长的电能需求和适应新型发电，越来越多的人依赖电力系统来满足日益增长的需求，这给大型互联电力系统的运行、控制和保护带来了重大挑战。这些挑战涉及广泛的技术、技术、环境和经济主题，例如，需要(I)解决在获得新的通行权或更有效地利用现有走廊方面的限制，(Ii)远距离和广泛的地理区域传输和/或改变基于可再生能源的大量电力的路线，(Iii)促进市场运作，(Iv)防止隐藏和连锁故障，(V)改善对互联电力系统动态的控制，以及(Vi)更有效地利用电力公用事业基础设施。

The increasing reliance on electric power systems to reliably and efficiently meet the growing demand for electric energy and to accommodate new types of generation has resulted in major operational, control, and protection challenges for large interconnected power systems. These challenges cover a wide range of technical, technological, environmental, and economical subjects, for example, the need to (i) deal with limitations in acquiring new right-of-ways or more effective utilization of the existing corridors, (ii) transmit and/or re-route bulk renewable-based power over long distances and wide geographical areas, (iii) facilitate market operations, (iv) prevent hidden and cascading failures, (v) improve control over the interconnected power system dynamics, and (vi) utilize the power utility infrastructure more efficiently.