Polar field measurements of snow physical and radiometric properties for model improvement / Mesures des propriétés physiques et radiométriques de la neige des régions polaires

众所周知，雪的地球物理和热物理性质对气候变率和变化非常敏感，对水文和气候过程模拟至关重要，特别是在北半球，那里40%的陆地表面受季节性雪的影响。特别相关的是，在过去三十年中，在北极和亚北极地区观测到全球气候变率和变化的第一个和最强烈的迹象，这导致了各种强烈的气候相关反馈，如冬季极端事件（WEE）。NSERC北方研究补充（NSERC- ns）将补充a . Langlois的“北极和亚北极冬季极端事件研究”提案的“申请”NSERC发现个人补助金（NSERC- dg），以及“申请”NSERC工具和仪器补助金（NSERC- rti），该补助金将用于购买专门用于积雪的气象站。本文建议的主要方法是在加拿大的6个北极和亚北极站点捕获和表征WEE。该研究的新颖之处在于解决了长期存在的北方偏远地区在WEE条件下缺乏实地测量的问题，这影响了气候模式的性能，同时限制了这些模式的验证和开发能力。NSERC-NS将部分支付6个偏远地点的实地考察费用：1)詹姆斯湾，QC, 2)丘吉尔，MB, 3) Inuvik， NWT, 4)贝克湖，NU, 5) Pingaluit国家公园，QC和6)Pond Inlet， NU。这笔拨款对于A. Langlois的NSERC-DG研究项目的成功至关重要，该项目是基于北极和亚北极地区微大气的实地测量和探测。在这些地区收集的数据将允许开发WEE卫星检索算法，并通过更精确的雪模拟来改善气候情景。

Geophysical and thermophysical properties of snow are known to be sensitive to climate variability and change and are of primary importance for hydrological and climatological process simulations, especially in the northern hemisphere where 40% of the land surface is influenced by seasonal snow. Of particular relevance, the first and strongest signs of global climate variability and change have been observed in arctic and subarctic regions over the past three decades which has led to a variety of strong climate related feedbacks such as winter extreme events (WEE). The NSERC Northern Research Supplement (NSERC-NS) will complement the 'applied for' NSERC Discovery Individual Grant (NSERC-DG) of A. Langlois' proposal entitled 'Study of arctic and subarctic winter extreme events in a changing climate', as well as an 'applied for' NSERC Tools and Instruments Grant (NSERC-RTI) that will be used for the purchase of a snow-dedicated meteorological station. The main approach of the proposal herein is to capture and characterize WEE at 6 arctic and subarctic sites across Canada. The novelty of the proposed research is to address the longstanding issue of a lack of field measurements under WEE in remote northern regions, which affects the performance of climate models while limiting the validation and development capacities of these models. The NSERC-NS will partially cover fieldwork expenses in 6 remote sites: 1) James Bay, QC, 2) Churchill, MB, 3) Inuvik, NWT, 4) Baker Lake, NU, 5) Pingaluit National Park, QC and 6) Pond Inlet, NU. This grant is essential to the success of the research program of A. Langlois' NSERC-DG, which is based on field measurements and detection of WEE in arctic and subarctic regions. The data collected in these regions will allow the development of WEE satellite retrieval algorithms as well as improve climate scenarios through more accurate snow simulations.