Développement d'approches pour la concentration et la détection des virus entériques dans les aliments

诺如病毒(NOV)是世界上最常见的病毒性胃肠炎病因，甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)继续造成国际健康威胁。这些病毒可以污染多种食物，如双壳类软体动物、水果和蔬菜。与通常高度污染的临床标本不同，食物中的病毒数量通常较低，但足以引起感染。因此，必须提供从食品中分离和浓缩病毒的步骤，以便能够检测到它们。已经报道了几种方法，但它们的比较有限，因为它们是在不同的食品上进行测试的，具有不同的方案和提取和放大平台。最终目标是将病毒从基质中分离出来，集中在小体积内，并消除可能影响最终测试的抑制因素。尽管如国际标准化组织15216程序中提出的那样做出了重大努力，但开发强大和快速的方法来检测食品中的病毒污染仍然是一个挑战。总体目标是开发新的病毒浓度和检测方法，以便更好地控制食品中的病毒。将开发各种分离和浓缩方法，即使用：1)适配子；2)配体；3)抗体和4)浓缩吸管，以浓缩洗涤或研磨食品后回收的病毒。将致力于实现以下具体目标：1)开发食源性病毒的分离和浓缩方法；2)评估所开发的浓缩方法与人类新冠病毒和甲型肝炎病毒的RNA提取和检测试剂盒的兼容性；以及3)用不同的食物样本验证浓度/检测系统。开发的方法及其转移可以用于私人、工业和政府实验室，从而能够实施监测计划并更好地控制食源性病毒感染。

Noroviruses (NoV) re the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in the world and the hepatitis A virus (HAV) continues to cause an international health threat. These viruses can contaminate a wide variety of foods such as bivalve mollusks, fruits and vegetables. Unlike clinical specimens often highly contaminated, the amount of virus in food is often low but sufficient to cause infection. Therefore, it is imperative to provide a step of isolation and concentration of viruses from the foods in order to be able to detect them. Several approaches have been reported, but their comparison is limited since they are tested on different foods with different protocols and extraction and amplification platforms. The ultimate goal is to separate viruses from the matrix, concentrate in a small volume and eliminate the inhibitory factors that may affect the final test. Despite major efforts such as those presented in the ISO 15216 procedures, the development of robust and rapid methods for detecting viral contamination in food remains a challenge. The overall objective is to develop new approaches for the concentration and detection of viruses for a better control in foods. Various approaches of isolation and concentration will be developed, namely approaches using: 1) aptamers; 2) ligands; 3) antibodies and 4) concentration pipette, in order to concentrate the viruses recovered after washing or grinding of foods. The following specific objectives will be pursued: 1) Develop approaches for the isolation and concentration of foodborne viruses; 2) Evaluate the compatibility of developed concentration approaches with RNA extraction and detection kits for the human NoV and HAV and 3) Validate the concentration/detection system with different food samples. The approach developed and its transfer can then be used in private, industrial and government laboratories allowing the implementation of surveillance programs and better control of foodborne viral infections.