Age Differences in Dual Processes and Decision Making

双重过程和决策中的年龄差异

• 批准号: 0339204
• 负责人: Ellen Peters
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Decision Science Research Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-05-15 至 2009-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0339204&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Age; Differences; Dual; Processes; Decision

Do older and younger adults differ in how they process information? Do they make systematically different decisions as a result? How can we help older adults make better decisions? The aim of the proposed research is to examine adult age differences in affective (feeling-based) and deliberative (thought-based) information processes in order to understand how such dual information processing might impact judgments and decisions. Five experiments will be conducted to study whether older adults may react more to and learn more from affective experiences than younger adults and whether relevant and irrelevant sources of feelings may impact older-adult decision performance more. The tasks are intended to identify factors that might hurt older adult performance and to test methods to enhance their decision making.This research will add to the growing body of knowledge concerning how affective and deliberative ways of thinking may follow particular developmental paths. In addition, proposals to improve decision-making abilities are based primarily on research with younger adults. Decision making is essential to life at all ages, however, and older adults are increasingly being asked to make their own decisions. No longer are health and financial decisions left entirely to specialists such as the family doctor. Instead, older adults are faced with more choices and more information than in previous generations at a point in their lives when their abilities to deliberate carefully about important decisions may be declining. Understanding the psychological processes that underlie the judgments and decisions of older adults will help us to identify areas in which they may be most vulnerable and guide efforts to help them maintain their health, financial security, and quality of life.

老年人和年轻人在处理信息的方式上有差异吗？ 他们是否因此而做出了系统性的不同决定？ 我们如何帮助老年人做出更好的决定？ 建议的研究的目的是检查成人年龄的情感（基于感觉）和审议（基于思想）的信息处理的差异，以了解这种双重信息处理可能会影响判断和决定。 将进行五个实验，以研究老年人是否可能会作出更多的反应，并从情感经验比年轻人学习更多，以及是否相关和不相关的感情来源可能会影响老年人的决策性能更多。这些任务旨在确定可能损害老年人表现的因素，并测试提高他们决策能力的方法，这项研究将增加有关情感和深思熟虑的思维方式如何遵循特定发展路径的知识。 此外，提高决策能力的建议主要是基于对年轻人的研究。 然而，决策对于所有年龄段的生活都至关重要，老年人越来越多地被要求自己做出决定。 健康和财务决定不再完全由家庭医生等专家做出。 相反，老年人面临着比前几代人更多的选择和更多的信息，在他们生命中的某个时刻，他们仔细考虑重要决定的能力可能会下降。 了解老年人判断和决策的心理过程将有助于我们确定他们可能最脆弱的领域，并指导帮助他们保持健康，经济安全和生活质量的努力。