Choice and the Development of Affect

我们如何决定做什么选择，选择什么选择，放弃什么选择？虽然决定当然可以是仔细思考的结果，但目前的研究考察了情感（或感觉）在帮助我们在复杂和不确定的选择中导航的作用。之前的研究关注的是情感在简单选择中的发展，这些选择要么产生好的结果，要么产生坏的结果（但不是好的和坏的结果）。然而，在现实生活中，我们很少遇到完全有益或完全有害的情况或物体。在这一系列的项目中，我们将重点关注情感是如何发展的，以及如何影响在复杂的得失选择中做出的选择。在拟议的研究中将解决三个重要问题：(1)当我们有好的和坏的选择经验时，从这些经验中学习如何影响我们的感受和选择？(2)在不改变我们“知道”的客观事实的情况下，我们对一个选择的感觉是否可以改变并影响我们的选择？(3)我们做出选择时，仔细思考是否必要？

How do we decide what choices to make, what options to choose, and what options to forsake? Although decisions can certainly be the result to careful thought, the present research examines the role of affect (or feelings) in helping us to navigate through the complex and uncertain choices of our world. Previous research has focused on the devlopment of affect among simple choices that yield either good or bad outcomes (but not both good and bad). In real life, however, we rarely encounter situations or objects that are completely rewarding or altogether punishing. In this series of projects we will focus on how affective feelings might develop and influence choices among options that are complex mitures of gains and losses. Three important questions will be addressed in the proposed research: (1) When we have both good and bad experiences with options, how does learning from these experiences influences our feelings and our choices?; (2) Can our feelings about an option be changed and influence our choices without any change to the objective facts we "know" about that option?; and (3) Is careful thought necessary for feelings to guide the choices we make?