CAREER: Pathogen Control for a Sustainable Reuse of Wastewater: Role of Surface Interactions on Natural Removal of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts

0954501 Nguyen部分处理的废水（PTW）是一种宝贵的资源，可以重复使用或回收，以提高淡水供应。 PTW可用于补充地下水，以便随后作为饮用水提取，或防止海水入侵。 PTW也可以替代淡水来灌溉作物。 虽然废水回收和再利用在可持续水资源管理中发挥着重要作用，但必须避免含有病原体的废水污染地下水或农作物的风险。 PI的职业目标是：（1）阐明在水再利用应用中影响病原体移动和灭活的基本机制，（2）帮助开发新的管理协议和技术，以促进废水再利用和回收的广泛适应，以及（3）通过传统的（例如，同行评审的出版物）和创新教育（例如，CleanWater wiki）方法。 拟议工作的具体目标是：（1）确定在用部分处理的废水补充地下水期间控制病原体过滤的环境条件，以及在废水稳定池中自然处理废水期间控制病原体灭活的环境条件;（2）通过结合环境问题的研究和教育，增加理工科少数民族学生和女生的人数;以及（3）为学生提供国际研究和教育经验。 PI将研究可行的隐孢子虫卵囊，这是一种重要的水媒病原体，可导致人和动物严重腹泻。 本研究的基本假设是：（1）废水有机物（包括天然有机物、细菌胞外聚合物和藻类分泌物）影响卵囊与地下物质或废水颗粒之间的相互作用，（2）与废水有机物的相互作用控制卵囊在地下环境中的迁移，（3）废水有机物影响卵囊与地下物质或废水颗粒之间的相互作用，（4）废水有机物影响卵囊在地下环境中的迁移。（3）病原菌在阳光下的光氧化依赖于卵囊与WOM的相互作用。 要完成的任务是：（1）选择模型测试系统;（2）表征卵囊和模型表面;（3）量化卵囊在所选表面上的沉积动力学;（4）量化卵囊在孔尺度和达西尺度上的运输、滞留和释放;（5）确定促进卵囊-颗粒缔合和通过沉积去除卵囊的溶液条件;（6）确定卵囊-颗粒缔合和通过沉积去除卵囊的溶液条件。（6）研究WOM-卵囊和颗粒物-卵囊联合体在太阳光下产生的活性氧灭活卵囊中的作用。这项研究将是第一个系统的研究，重点是如何病原体的流动性和灭活的影响，病原体和废水有机物之间的表面相互作用。 在与地下水补给和稳定塘废水处理有关的条件下进行的控制良好的实验室研究的结果将为今后的实地工作奠定必要的基础。 本研究的结果和实验技术可应用于其他病原菌、病毒和原生动物的环境迁移和灭活研究。 实验室的研究结果将直接有利于PI无国界工程师在危地马拉使用低成本和低维护水处理方法去除病原体的项目。用于废水再利用的病原体的自然去除和灭活潜在地提供了控制病原体的节能方法，补充了通常稀缺的资源（即，饮用水，保护人体健康。 该研究的成功完成将为再生水中水生病原体的综合风险评估奠定重要基础。 研究所正在进行的教育活动包括将研究成果纳入课堂教学，并为高等教育儿童项目组织关于水质问题的讲习班。 为伊利诺伊大学电视台开发的PIs CleanWater Wiki网站和基于研讨会的电视节目将使PIs的教育活动能够接触到更广泛的受众。 PI的教育活动已经并将由她的教育专家合作者进行评估。

0954501NguyenPartially-treated wastewater (PTW) is a valuable resource that can be reused or reclaimed to enhance the supply of freshwater. PTW can be used to recharge groundwater for subsequent withdrawal as drinking water, or to prevent seawater intrusion. PTW can also be substituted for freshwater to irrigate crops. Although wastewater reclamation and reuse play an important role in sustainable water-resource management, risks of contaminating groundwater or crops from pathogen-laden wastewater must be avoided. The PIs career goals are: (1) to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms that affect pathogen mobility and inactivation in water reuse applications, (2) to help develop new management protocols and technologies to promote widespread adaptation of wastewater reuse and reclamation, and (3) to disseminate this information through both traditional (e.g., peer-reviewed publications) and innovative educational (e.g., CleanWater wiki) approaches. The specific objectives of the proposed work are: (1) to identify the environmental conditions that control filtration of pathogens during groundwater recharge with partially-treated wastewater, and pathogen inactivation during natural treatment of wastewater in waste stabilization ponds; (2) to increase the number of minority and female students in science and engineering by integrating research and education on environmental issues; and (3) to provide students with international experience in research and education. The PI will study viable Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, an important waterborne pathogen that causes severe diarrhea in people and animals. The hypotheses guiding the proposed research are: (1) Wastewater organic matter (WOM)including natural organic matter, bacterial extracellular polymeric substances, and algal exudates influences the interactions between oocysts and subsurface materials or wastewater particles; (2) Interactions with WOM control oocyst transport in the subsurface environment; and (3) Photo-oxidation of pathogens under sunlight depends on the interactions between oocysts and WOM. The tasks to be completed are: (1) select model testing systems; (2) characterize oocysts and model surfaces; (3) quantify deposition kinetics of oocysts with the selected surfaces; (4) quantify transport, retention, and release of oocysts at pore scale and Darcy-scale; (5) determine the solution conditions that promote oocyst-particle association and removal of oocysts by sedimentation; and (6) study the role of WOM-oocysts and particle-oocyst association on inactivation of oocysts by reactive oxygen species formed under sunlight. This research will be the first systematic study to focus on how pathogen mobility and inactivation are influenced by surface interaction between pathogens and wastewater organic matters. The results from well-controlled laboratory studies conducted under conditions relevant to groundwater recharge and wastewater treatment by stabilization ponds will lay an essential groundwork for future fieldwork efforts. The results and the experimental techniques developed in this project will be applicable to other studies on environmental transport and inactivation of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and protozoan. The laboratory findings will directly benefit the PIs Engineers-Without-Border project on pathogen removal using low cost and low maintenance water-treatment methods in Guatemala. Natural removal and inactivation of pathogens for wastewater reuse potentially offer energy-saving methods to control pathogens, supplement an often scarce resource (i.e., drinking water), and protect human health. Successful completion of the proposed research will build an important foundation for a comprehensive risk assessment of waterborne pathogens in reclaimed water. The PIs ongoing educational activities include incorporating research results into class-room instruction, and organizing workshops on water quality issues for Proyecto CHE (Project Children for Higher Education). The PIs CleanWater Wiki site and workshop-based TV programs developed for University of Illinois TV station will allow the PIs educational activities to reach a broader audience. The PIs educational activities have been and will be assessed for improvements by her education-specialist collaborators.