CAREER: Pathogen Control for a Sustainable Reuse of Wastewater: Role of Surface Interactions on Natural Removal of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts

职业：废水可持续再利用的病原体控制：表面相互作用对小隐孢子虫卵囊自然去除的作用

• 批准号: 0954501
• 负责人: Thanh Nguyen
• 金额: $ 40.89万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0954501&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Pathogen; Control; Sustainable; Reuse

0954501NguyenPartially-treated wastewater (PTW) is a valuable resource that can be reused or reclaimed to enhance the supply of freshwater. PTW can be used to recharge groundwater for subsequent withdrawal as drinking water, or to prevent seawater intrusion. PTW can also be substituted for freshwater to irrigate crops. Although wastewater reclamation and reuse play an important role in sustainable water-resource management, risks of contaminating groundwater or crops from pathogen-laden wastewater must be avoided. The PIs career goals are: (1) to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms that affect pathogen mobility and inactivation in water reuse applications, (2) to help develop new management protocols and technologies to promote widespread adaptation of wastewater reuse and reclamation, and (3) to disseminate this information through both traditional (e.g., peer-reviewed publications) and innovative educational (e.g., CleanWater wiki) approaches. The specific objectives of the proposed work are: (1) to identify the environmental conditions that control filtration of pathogens during groundwater recharge with partially-treated wastewater, and pathogen inactivation during natural treatment of wastewater in waste stabilization ponds; (2) to increase the number of minority and female students in science and engineering by integrating research and education on environmental issues; and (3) to provide students with international experience in research and education. The PI will study viable Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, an important waterborne pathogen that causes severe diarrhea in people and animals. The hypotheses guiding the proposed research are: (1) Wastewater organic matter (WOM)including natural organic matter, bacterial extracellular polymeric substances, and algal exudates influences the interactions between oocysts and subsurface materials or wastewater particles; (2) Interactions with WOM control oocyst transport in the subsurface environment; and (3) Photo-oxidation of pathogens under sunlight depends on the interactions between oocysts and WOM. The tasks to be completed are: (1) select model testing systems; (2) characterize oocysts and model surfaces; (3) quantify deposition kinetics of oocysts with the selected surfaces; (4) quantify transport, retention, and release of oocysts at pore scale and Darcy-scale; (5) determine the solution conditions that promote oocyst-particle association and removal of oocysts by sedimentation; and (6) study the role of WOM-oocysts and particle-oocyst association on inactivation of oocysts by reactive oxygen species formed under sunlight. This research will be the first systematic study to focus on how pathogen mobility and inactivation are influenced by surface interaction between pathogens and wastewater organic matters. The results from well-controlled laboratory studies conducted under conditions relevant to groundwater recharge and wastewater treatment by stabilization ponds will lay an essential groundwork for future fieldwork efforts. The results and the experimental techniques developed in this project will be applicable to other studies on environmental transport and inactivation of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and protozoan. The laboratory findings will directly benefit the PIs Engineers-Without-Border project on pathogen removal using low cost and low maintenance water-treatment methods in Guatemala. Natural removal and inactivation of pathogens for wastewater reuse potentially offer energy-saving methods to control pathogens, supplement an often scarce resource (i.e., drinking water), and protect human health. Successful completion of the proposed research will build an important foundation for a comprehensive risk assessment of waterborne pathogens in reclaimed water. The PIs ongoing educational activities include incorporating research results into class-room instruction, and organizing workshops on water quality issues for Proyecto CHE (Project Children for Higher Education). The PIs CleanWater Wiki site and workshop-based TV programs developed for University of Illinois TV station will allow the PIs educational activities to reach a broader audience. The PIs educational activities have been and will be assessed for improvements by her education-specialist collaborators.

部分处理废水(PTW)是一种宝贵的资源，可以重复利用或再生，以增加淡水的供应。PTW可用于补给地下水，以便随后作为饮用水提取，或防止海水入侵。PTW也可以代替淡水来灌溉作物。尽管废水回收和再利用在可持续水资源管理中发挥着重要作用，但必须避免含有病原体的废水污染地下水或农作物的风险。PIS的职业目标是：(1)阐明在水再利用应用中影响病原体迁移和失活的基本机制，(2)帮助开发新的管理方案和技术，以促进废水再利用和回收的广泛适应，以及(3)通过传统(例如，同行评议的出版物)和创新的教育(例如，清洁水维基)方法传播这一信息。拟议工作的具体目标是：(1)确定在用部分处理的废水补给地下水期间控制病原体过滤的环境条件，以及在废物稳定塘自然处理废水期间控制病原体灭活的环境条件；(2)通过整合环境问题的研究和教育，增加理工科少数族裔和女性学生的数量；以及(3)向学生提供国际研究和教育经验。PI将研究存活的微小隐孢子虫卵囊，这是一种重要的水传播病原体，会导致人和动物的严重腹泻。提出的研究假设是：(1)废水有机物(WOM)包括天然有机物、细菌胞外聚合物和藻类渗出物影响卵囊与地下物质或废水颗粒之间的相互作用；(2)与WOM的相互作用控制地下环境中卵囊的运输；(3)病原菌在阳光下的光氧化取决于卵囊和WOM之间的相互作用。要完成的任务是：(1)选择模型测试系统；(2)表征卵囊和模型表面；(3)用所选择的表面量化卵囊的沉积动力学；(4)在孔隙尺度和达西尺度上量化卵囊的迁移、保留和释放；(5)确定促进卵囊-颗粒结合和通过沉积去除卵囊的溶液条件；以及(6)研究WOM-卵囊和颗粒-卵囊结合对在阳光下形成的活性氧物种灭活卵囊的作用。这项研究将是第一次系统地研究病原菌与废水有机物之间的表面相互作用如何影响病原菌的迁移和灭活。在与地下水补给和稳定塘处理废水有关的条件下进行的受控良好的实验室研究的结果将为今后的实地工作奠定重要的基础。本项目开发的结果和实验技术将适用于其他关于致病细菌、病毒和原生动物的环境迁移和灭活的研究。实验室的发现将直接惠及危地马拉的PIS工程师无国界项目，该项目使用低成本和低维护的水处理方法去除病原体。废水回用中病原体的自然去除和灭活有可能为控制病原体、补充通常稀缺的资源(即饮用水)和保护人类健康提供节能的方法。拟议研究的成功完成将为全面评估再生水中的水传播病原体奠定重要基础。PIS正在进行的教育活动包括将研究成果纳入课堂教学，并为Proyecto CHE(高等教育儿童项目)组织关于水质问题的讲习班。为伊利诺伊大学电视台开发的PIS清洁水维基网站和以研讨会为基础的电视节目将使PIS教育活动接触到更广泛的受众。PIS的教育活动已经并将由她的教育专家合作者评估是否有改进。