Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Socioeconomic Differentiation, Leadership, and Residential Patterning at an Araucanian Chiefly Center (Isla Mocha, AD 1000-1700).

博士论文改进补助金：阿劳卡尼亚酋长中心的社会经济分化、领导力和居住模式（摩卡岛，公元 1000-1700 年）。

• 批准号: 0956229
• 负责人: Marc Bermann
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: University of Pittsburgh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-02-01 至 2011-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0956229&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Socioeconomic

Under the supervision of Dr. Marc Bermann, Roberto Campbell will explore residential variability within and among settlements and how this variability relates to processes of political leadership and community integration on Isla Mocha, Chile. Isla Mocha, an island located 30 kms from the Chilean coast, was during most of its prehistory a part of native Araucania, with a significant occupation dating to after 1000 AD. In 1550 AD, Araucania experienced European arrival but, contrary to most native societies of Latin America, the Spaniard's advance had been successfully repelled by the Araucanians by 1602, and a "free-Indian" nation persisted there and on the adjacent mainland until 1882. Yet while indigenous sociopolitical structures persisted until that late date, remarkably little is known about late prehispanic and early historical native sociopolitical organization. To date, the main sources to reconstruct the native sociopolitical organization and dynamics have been European chronicles and limited archaeological research. Each of these has tended to focus on chiefs and their activities. Therefore, they have failed to provide a fuller picture of the social variability that existed within the wider society. This research will investigate by means of intensive surface collection and limited excavation a 6 square km area. Mr. Campbell will attempt to reconstruct residential density, economic practices, wealth accumulation, patterns of consumption, status, and ceremonial practices. The fieldwork will provide data for: (1) understanding how communities were integrated economically and socially in both vertical and horizontal terms; and (2) identifying processes underlying social authority and regional social integration. The surface collections and excavations will recover ceramics, lithics, bones and shells (food remains and artifacts) and macrobotanical remains.The project will also have broader impacts. First, it is expected that the project will stimulate further projects and help to develop a patrimony consciousness in the local community. The project will impact current and planned development plans by underscoring the relevance of the Isla Mocha's archaeological record. It will further training of archaeology students in basic fieldwork techniques and more advanced material analysis training, encouraging them to approach archaeological research from a anthropologically and problem-oriented perspective.

在Marc Bermann博士的监督下，Roberto坎贝尔将探索定居点内和定居点之间的居住差异，以及这种差异如何与智利穆哈岛的政治领导和社区融合过程相关。摩卡岛是一个距离智利海岸30公里的岛屿，在其史前的大部分时间里，它是阿劳卡尼亚土著的一部分，公元1000年后有一个重要的占领。在1550年，阿劳卡尼亚经历了欧洲人的到来，但与拉丁美洲的大多数土著社会相反，西班牙人的前进在1602年被阿劳卡尼亚人成功击退，一个“自由印第安人”的国家在那里和邻近的大陆上坚持到1882年。然而，尽管土著社会政治结构一直持续到那个晚期，但人们对晚期前西班牙时期和早期历史上的土著社会政治组织知之甚少。到目前为止，重建当地社会政治组织和动态的主要来源是欧洲编年史和有限的考古研究。 其中每一项都倾向于侧重于酋长及其活动。因此，它们未能更全面地反映更广泛的社会中存在的社会可变性。这项研究将通过密集的表面收集和有限的挖掘调查6平方公里的地区。坎贝尔先生将试图重建住宅密度，经济实践，财富积累，消费模式，地位和礼仪惯例。实地工作将为以下方面提供数据：（1）了解社区如何在纵向和横向上实现经济和社会一体化;（2）查明社会权威和区域社会一体化的基本进程。地面收集和挖掘将恢复陶瓷，石器，骨骼和贝壳（食物遗骸和人工制品）和大型植物遗骸。该项目也将产生更广泛的影响。首先，预计该项目将促进更多的项目，并有助于在当地社区培养遗产意识。该项目将通过强调摩卡岛考古记录的相关性来影响当前和计划中的发展计划。它将进一步培训考古学学生的基本实地考察技术和更先进的材料分析培训，鼓励他们从人类学和面向问题的角度进行考古研究。