Dissertation Research: Household and Community Organizationof a Formative Period Bolivian Settlement

在Marc Bermann博士的指导下，Courtney Rose女士将为她的博士论文收集数据。她将在位于玻利维亚高原拉霍亚地区的拉巴尔卡考古遗址进行地表调查和挖掘。该遗址可以追溯到Wankarani时期（公元前1500年-公元400年），由一个高约6米，直径90米的土堆组成。从占领的最后阶段开始的建筑结构和特征似乎未受干扰，在遗址的表面上仍然可见。因此，他们可以暴露，而无需深挖。 高原玻利维亚的文化史反映了世界许多地方发生的一个过程。在中世纪时期，人们以小群体生活，靠狩猎和采集为生。在Wankarani时代，以农业和骆驼畜牧业为基础的更定居的村庄生活方式发展起来。罗斯女士希望了解伴随着这种生存变化的社会过程的本质。猎人和采集者是平等主义者。他们分享食物，不在家庭中群居，并表现出一种社区组织模式。根据安第斯地区的考古工作，后来的农业和畜牧业者的特点似乎更加多变。定居点的组织和物质遗存的分布表明，一些文化保持了这种社区模式，而另一些文化则出现了以家庭和宗族为基础的制度。在这种情况下，个人社会单位储存食物，并在家庭之外进行相对较少的分享。考古学家一直在寻找一种更深层次的模式来解释这种变异性，并将重点放在食物资源的分布、变异性和可预测性上。罗斯女士将在玻利维亚高原环境中解决这个问题。她将对La Barca进行表面调查，并在此基础上选择大规模挖掘的单位。她将重建村庄规划，绘制存储设施的地图，以确定这些设施是否发生在社区或家庭环境中，并检查材料遗骸的分布。在这些基础上，社会和经济重建应该是可能的。 这项研究很重要，因为它将为伴随新石器时代革命和定居村庄生活方式发展的社会进程提供新的线索。它将为安第斯山脉一个相对不为人知的时期提供重要数据，并将有助于培养一名有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Marc Bermann, MS Courtney Rose will collect data for her doctoral dissertation. She will conduct surface survey and excavation at the archaeological site of La Barca which is located in the La Joya region of highland Bolivia. The site dates to the Wankarani period (1500 BC - Ad 400) and consists of a mound approximately 6 meters high and 90 meters in diameter. Architectural structures and features dating from the final phase of occupation appear undisturbed and remain visible on the surface of the site. Thus they can be exposed without deep excavation. The culture history of highland Bolivia reflects a process which occurred in many parts of the world. During the Archaic period people lived in small groups and subsisted by hunting and gathering. In Wankarani times a more settled village way of life, based on agriculture and llama pastoralism developed. MS Rose wishes to understand the nature of the social process which accompanied this subsistence change. Hunters and gathers are egalitarian. They share food, do not horde within the family and exhibit a communal mode of organization. On the basis of archaeological work in the Andean region, it appears that greater variability characterized the succeeding agriculturists and pastoralists. Settlement organization and the distribution of material remains indicate that some cultures maintained this communal mode while in others a family and lineage based system appeared. Under this individual social units stored food and engaged in relatively little sharing beyond the family. Archaeologists have looked for a deeper pattern to explain this variability and have focused on differences in the distribution, variability and predictability in food resources. MS Rose will address this question in the highland Bolivian environment. She will conduct a surface survey of La Barca and on this basis select units for broad scale excavation. She will reconstruct the village plan, map storage facilities to determine if these occur in communal or family contexts and examine the distribution of material remains. On these bases social and economic reconstruction should be possible. This research is important because it will shed new light on the social processes which accompanied the Neolithic Revolution and the development of a settled village way of life. It will provide important data for a relatively unknown period in the Andes and it will assist in training a promising young scientist.