Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: The Development of Modern Commercialism

这个博士论文项目调查了扩大市场和劳动力和资源的商品化如何改变当地自给自足的经济和社会。商品化是现代全球经济的核心，也是过去市场经济形成过程中的一个关键发展。 人们早就认识到，欧洲殖民主义在世界范围内释放了商品化，伴随着新的生产议程，基于市场的消费模式，甚至通过物种引进，消耗和保护的生态重新安排。殖民征服将商品化和重商主义带到了世界许多地方，作为第一个全球经济传播的一部分，但这一过程是否建立在先前的商品化和专业化形式之上？ 例如，当地居民如何参与西班牙总体市场秩序，反过来说，当地经济安排如何塑造市场心态和做法？随着市场逻辑与本地模式相遇，新的混合生产结构和做法是如何在殖民地环境中诞生的？ 这些问题仍然是重要的调查课题，以更好地了解全球化的动态，过去和现在。 本研究从考古学的角度考察了主要基于自给自足、互惠和再分配的土著经济实践如何面对基于劳动力和自然资源商品化的商业实践。博士生研究了一个土著海上狩猎采集社区，因为这个地方被改造成一个重要的早期殖民港口。不同的考古学和档案证据线上的社区组成，职业专业化，生产和消费（从饮食和个人财产到渔具和对渔业资源的影响）被整合，以跟踪社会经济生活和居民（土著和殖民地）的栖息地从prehispanic通过早期殖民时期的变化。 一个保存完好的考古环境提供了一个无与伦比的机会，以放射性碳年代在细尺度上的重要变化，这些证据线，产生的时间和顺序的变化有关的商品化和市场惯例的关键信息。这样的研究提供了一个未充分研究的定居类型-早期殖民港口-作为一个揭示性的，多样化的劳动力社区的生动画面，并提供了在商品化过程的黎明考古案例研究。 这方面的知识进一步比较了解的动态最初的商业节点和早期殖民地市场的混合性质一般。 此外，研究小组对栖息地变化（海洋和陆地）的密切研究推进了人类世栖息地变化和过度捕捞等主题的环境考古学。 与当地机构的合作为学生提供考古学和生物化学方面的研究材料和培训机会。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This doctoral dissertation project investigates the ways in which expanding markets and the commodification of labor and resources transform local, self-sufficient economies and societies. Commodification is at the core of the modern global economy and was a key development in the formation of market economies in the past. It has long been recognized that European colonialism unleashed commodification worldwide accompanied by new productive agendas, market-based consumer patterns, and even ecological rearrangements via species introductions, depletions, and extinctions. Colonial conquest brought commodification and mercantilism to many parts of the world as part of spreading the first global economy, but did this process build on prior forms of commodification and specialization? How did local populations for example engage with the overarching Spanish market order, and conversely, how were market mentalities and practices shaped by native economic arrangements? How were new hybrid productive structures and practices born in colonial settings as market logics met native patterns? These questions remain important subjects of investigation to better understand globalization dynamics, past and the present. Using an archaeological perspective this research examines how indigenous economic practices, largely based on self-sufficiency, reciprocity and redistribution, confronted a mercantile praxis based on the commodification of labor and natural resources. The doctoral student examines an indigenous maritime hunter-gatherer community as this place was transformed into an important early colonial port. Diverse archeological and archival lines of evidence on community composition, occupation specialization, production and consumption (from diet and personal possessions to fishing gear and impact on fishing stocks) are integrated to track changes in socioeconomic life and habitat of residents (both indigenous and colonial) from the prehispanic through early colonial periods. A well preserved archaeological setting provides an unparalleled opportunity to radiocarbon date at the fine scale important changes in these lines of evidence, generating critical information on the timing and sequences of change relating to commodification and market practices. Such a study provides a vivid picture of an understudied settlement type - - the early colonial port - - as a revealing, diverse workforce community, and provides an archaeological case study at the dawn of commodification processes. This knowledge furthers comparative understanding of the dynamics of initial commercial nodes and the hybrid nature of the early colonial markets generally. In addition, the close study of habitat change (marine and terrestrial) by the research team advances environmental archaeology on the topics of Anthropocene habitat change and overfishing. Collaboration with local institutions offer students research materials and training opportunities in archaeology and biochemistry.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.