Social Differentiation in Early Village Bolivia

玻利维亚早期村庄的社会分化

• 批准号: 0312029
• 负责人: Marc Bermann
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Pittsburgh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-01 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0312029&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Social; Differentiation; Early; Village; Bolivia

The development of sedentary, agricultural lifeways represents a widespread evolutionary threshold in human prehistory. Exploring how and why populations made this transition is important to understanding some of the most fundamental aspects of human societal change. With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Marc Bermann and colleagues will investigate the origins of village life and societal inequality at the site of La Barca, an village mound belonging to the Formative Period Wankarani Complex (2000 BC - AD 400), one of the earliest cultures of highland Bolivia. A three-year project of excavation at the well-preserved site will expose domestic architecture (ranging from individual houses to distinct residential zones), and previously unknown types of ceremonial architecture. Fieldwork will center on broad excavation of a sequence of residential occupations dating from 2000 BC - 1300 BC. The excavation will generate data on changes through time in household life, domestic economic patterns, trade, and social ranking. Research will focus on addressing two questions: (1) what were the most important social units (individual family, extended family, lineage) at different points in time at La Barca? and (2) what activities (ceremonial, economic, social) served to distinguish households of different social statuses? The research will make an important contribution to the general issue of how the family unit acts to express the ambitions and needs of its members, while also adapting to wider social and environmental change.The broader impacts of the research lie in the documentation of an longstanding agropastoral way of life (combining farming of native tubers with llama pastoralism) that has recently all but vanished from Bolivia, and in conveying this information to Bolivian students and public. Materials from the project will form the basis for exhibits at the regional archaeological museum in La Joya. The project will be conducted with the Bolivian national archaeology office (UNAR), and will assist in maintaining collaborative ties between this institution and American researchers. Because every American student on the project will have a Bolivian counterpart, the project will make possible training in archaeological field, laboratory, and curation techniques for roughly a dozen Bolivian students from colleges in La Paz and Oruro. The excavated materials will also provide collections for future Bolivian students to use for thesis research.

定居的农业生活方式的发展代表了人类史前史中广泛的进化门槛。 探索人口如何以及为什么会发生这种转变，对于理解人类社会变革的一些最基本的方面非常重要。 在国家科学基金会的支持下，马克·伯曼博士和同事将调查拉巴尔卡遗址的村庄生活和社会不平等的起源，拉巴尔卡是一个属于形成时期万卡拉尼综合体（公元前2000年-公元400年）的村庄土丘，是高地最早的文化之一。玻利维亚。 在保存完好的遗址进行为期三年的挖掘项目将揭示家庭建筑（从独立房屋到独特的住宅区）以及以前未知的仪式建筑类型。 田野工作将集中在广泛挖掘的一系列住宅职业可追溯到公元前2000年至公元前1300年。 挖掘工作将产生有关家庭生活、国内经济模式、贸易和社会地位随时间变化的数据。 研究将集中在解决两个问题：（1）在不同的时间点，在La Barca最重要的社会单位（个人家庭，大家庭，血统）是什么？（2）什么样的活动（礼仪、经济、社会）有助于区分不同社会地位的家庭？ 这项研究将对家庭单位如何行动以表达其成员的抱负和需要这一一般性问题作出重要贡献，同时也适应更广泛的社会和环境变化，这项研究的更广泛影响在于记录了长期的农牧生活方式（将本地块茎种植与美洲驼畜牧业相结合），最近几乎从玻利维亚消失，并将这一信息传达给玻利维亚学生和公众。 该项目的材料将成为拉霍亚地区考古博物馆展览的基础。 该项目将与玻利维亚国家考古办公室（UNAR）合作进行，并将有助于保持该机构与美国研究人员之间的合作关系。 由于该项目的每一个美国学生都将有一个玻利维亚同行，该项目将为来自拉巴斯和奥鲁罗大学的大约12名玻利维亚学生提供考古领域、实验室和策展技术的培训。挖掘出的材料还将为未来的玻利维亚学生提供用于论文研究的收藏品。