Transalpiner Kulturtransfer: Bevölkerung und Nutztiere des raetischen Alpen- und Alpenvorlandes im 1. Jahrhundert n. Chr.

公元前15年，罗马征服了阿尔卑斯山及其北部的山前地区，相对于该地区的S文化发展，这是一次重大的突破。考古学上目前尚未解决的是原住民凯尔特人和瑞提人的下落，以及他们在新生的拉提省所扮演的角色。特别令人感兴趣的是所谓的“Heimstetten group”(约公元30-60年)，局限于莱赫河和因河之间的地区。这种文化的特点是墓葬带有丰富的传统服饰，只有一代人多一点的时间是有形的。到目前为止存在的解释是有争议的：罗马人控制的来自蒂罗尔客栈山谷的移民，还是本土起源的文化发展？在这个项目中，将从考古学和动物考古学的角度研究“Heimstetten群”的五个大型聚落的起源和文化印记，并将其结果与该地区前罗马占领的聚落进行比较。相比之下，位于奥格斯堡附近通往意大利的克劳迪娅大道上的朗韦德附近将进行调查。这个早期的罗马定居点是由具有地中海文化根基的移民建立的。在对发现和特征进行考古和动物考古检查之后，我们将首次对火化和未火化的人和动物的骨骼遗骸进行同位素指纹分析，以追踪它们的地理起源，从而为公元1世纪人类和动物种群的连续性或间断性问题提供答案。在该项目的第一阶段(2013-2015年)，利用拉提亚不同地区的史前遗址的生物考古发现生成了同位素签名。在第二个项目阶段(2016-2018年)，结果将与早期罗马时期骨骼发现的签名进行比较。异地生物的证据将引发关于其地理起源的问题。然而，如果涉及到家畜的远程转移，人们为什么要费心转移动物的原因也需要得到回答。

The conquest of the Alps and its northern piedmont region by Rome in 15 BC represents a major break relative to the region´s cultural development. Archaeologically unsolved for the moment are the whereabouts of the autochthonous Celtic-native and Rhaetian populations and their role in the nascent Province Rhaetia. Of particular interest is the so-called “Heimstetten group” (c. 30-60AD), confined to the region between the rivers Lech and Inn. Characterized by inhumation burials with copious traditional dresses, this culture is only tangible for slightly more than a single generation. The interpretations hitherto existing are controversial: Roman-controlled immigration from the Tyrolean Inn Valley or cultural development of autochthonous origin? In this project, five large-scale settlements of the “Heimstetten group” will be studied archaeologically and zooarchaeologically regarding their genesis and cultural imprint and the results compared with those from pre-Roman occupations in the region. By way of contrast, the vicus of Langweid located near Augsburg on the Via Claudia leading to Italy will be investigated. This early Roman settlement was founded by immigrants with Mediterranean cultural roots.Beyond the archaeological and zooarchaeological examination of finds and features, we will apply for the first time isotopic fingerprinting (Sr, Pb) to cremated and uncremated osseous remains from humans and animals in order tracing their geographic origin, thus providing an answer to the issue of continuity or discontinuity in first century AD human and animal populations. In the first phase of the project (2013-2015), isotopic signatures were generated with bioarchaeological finds from prehistoric sites in different parts of Rhaetia. During the second project phase (2016-2018), the results will be compared with the signatures from bone finds in early Roman contexts. Evidence for an allochthonous individual will raise the question about its geographic origin. However, provided a long-range transfer of domestic animals is involved, the reason why people bothered to translocate animals needs to be answered as well.