Transalpiner Kulturtransfer: Bevölkerung und Nutztiere des raetischen Alpen- und Alpenvorlandes im 1. Jahrhundert n. Chr.

跨阿尔卑斯山文化转移：公元一世纪雷蒂安阿尔卑斯山和阿尔卑斯山麓的人口和牲畜。

• 批准号: 221752645
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Joris Peters
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Paläoanatomie, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/221752645?language=en
• 关键词: Transalpiner; Kulturtransfer; Bev; lkerung; und

The conquest of the Alps and its northern piedmont region by Rome in 15 BC represents a major break relative to the region´s cultural development. Archaeologically unsolved for the moment are the whereabouts of the autochthonous Celtic-native and Rhaetian populations and their role in the nascent Province Rhaetia. Of particular interest is the so-called “Heimstetten group” (c. 30-60AD), confined to the region between the rivers Lech and Inn. Characterized by inhumation burials with copious traditional dresses, this culture is only tangible for slightly more than a single generation. The interpretations hitherto existing are controversial: Roman-controlled immigration from the Tyrolean Inn Valley or cultural development of autochthonous origin? In this project, five large-scale settlements of the “Heimstetten group” will be studied archaeologically and zooarchaeologically regarding their genesis and cultural imprint and the results compared with those from pre-Roman occupations in the region. By way of contrast, the vicus of Langweid located near Augsburg on the Via Claudia leading to Italy will be investigated. This early Roman settlement was founded by immigrants with Mediterranean cultural roots.Beyond the archaeological and zooarchaeological examination of finds and features, we will apply for the first time isotopic fingerprinting (Sr, Pb) to cremated and uncremated osseous remains from humans and animals in order tracing their geographic origin, thus providing an answer to the issue of continuity or discontinuity in first century AD human and animal populations. In the first phase of the project (2013-2015), isotopic signatures were generated with bioarchaeological finds from prehistoric sites in different parts of Rhaetia. During the second project phase (2016-2018), the results will be compared with the signatures from bone finds in early Roman contexts. Evidence for an allochthonous individual will raise the question about its geographic origin. However, provided a long-range transfer of domestic animals is involved, the reason why people bothered to translocate animals needs to be answered as well.

公元前15年罗马对阿尔卑斯山及其北部山前地区的征服代表了该地区文化发展的重大突破。目前考古学上尚未解决的问题是当地的凯尔特-土著和雷蒂亚人口的下落以及他们在新生的雷蒂亚省的作用。特别有趣的是所谓的“海姆斯泰滕群”（约公元30-60年），局限于莱赫河和因河之间的地区。这种文化的特点是人葬和丰富的传统服装，这种文化只存在于一代人多一点的时间。迄今为止存在的解释是有争议的：来自蒂洛尔河谷的罗马人控制的移民还是本土起源的文化发展？在这个项目中，将对“海姆斯泰滕群体”的五个大规模定居点进行考古和动物考古研究，以了解它们的起源和文化印记，并将结果与罗马占领该地区之前的结果进行比较。相比之下，位于通往意大利的克劳迪娅大道上奥格斯堡附近的朗维德的vicus将被调查。这个早期的罗马定居点是由具有地中海文化根源的移民建立的。除了考古和动物考古发现和特征的检查，我们将首次应用同位素指纹（Sr, Pb）火化和非火化的人类和动物骨骼遗骸，以追踪他们的地理起源，从而为公元一世纪人类和动物种群的连续性或非连续性问题提供答案。在项目的第一阶段（2013-2015年），通过在Rhaetia不同地区的史前遗址中发现的生物考古发现生成了同位素特征。在第二个项目阶段（2016-2018年），研究结果将与早期罗马时期发现的骨骼特征进行比较。异域个体存在的证据将提出关于其地理起源的问题。然而，如果涉及到长距离的家畜转移，那么人们为什么要麻烦地转移动物也需要回答。