Transalpiner Kulturtransfer: Bevölkerung und Nutztiere des raetischen Alpen- und Alpenvorlandes im 1. Jahrhundert n. Chr.

跨阿尔卑斯山文化转移：公元一世纪雷蒂安阿尔卑斯山和阿尔卑斯山麓的人口和牲畜。

• 批准号: 221752645
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Joris Peters
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Paläoanatomie, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/221752645?language=en
• 关键词: Transalpiner; Kulturtransfer; Bev; lkerung; und

The conquest of the Alps and its northern piedmont region by Rome in 15 BC represents a major break relative to the region´s cultural development. Archaeologically unsolved for the moment are the whereabouts of the autochthonous Celtic-native and Rhaetian populations and their role in the nascent Province Rhaetia. Of particular interest is the so-called “Heimstetten group” (c. 30-60AD), confined to the region between the rivers Lech and Inn. Characterized by inhumation burials with copious traditional dresses, this culture is only tangible for slightly more than a single generation. The interpretations hitherto existing are controversial: Roman-controlled immigration from the Tyrolean Inn Valley or cultural development of autochthonous origin? In this project, five large-scale settlements of the “Heimstetten group” will be studied archaeologically and zooarchaeologically regarding their genesis and cultural imprint and the results compared with those from pre-Roman occupations in the region. By way of contrast, the vicus of Langweid located near Augsburg on the Via Claudia leading to Italy will be investigated. This early Roman settlement was founded by immigrants with Mediterranean cultural roots.Beyond the archaeological and zooarchaeological examination of finds and features, we will apply for the first time isotopic fingerprinting (Sr, Pb) to cremated and uncremated osseous remains from humans and animals in order tracing their geographic origin, thus providing an answer to the issue of continuity or discontinuity in first century AD human and animal populations. In the first phase of the project (2013-2015), isotopic signatures were generated with bioarchaeological finds from prehistoric sites in different parts of Rhaetia. During the second project phase (2016-2018), the results will be compared with the signatures from bone finds in early Roman contexts. Evidence for an allochthonous individual will raise the question about its geographic origin. However, provided a long-range transfer of domestic animals is involved, the reason why people bothered to translocate animals needs to be answered as well.

公元前 15 年，罗马征服阿尔卑斯山及其北部山麓地区，标志着该地区文化发展的重大突破。目前考古学上尚未解决的问题是本土凯尔特人和雷蒂亚人的下落以及他们在新生的雷蒂亚省中的作用。特别令人感兴趣的是所谓的“Heimstetten 群体”（约公元 30-60 年），仅限于莱赫河和因河之间的地区。这种文化以土葬和大量传统服装为特征，只在一代人以上的时间内有形存在。迄今为止存在的解释存在争议：来自蒂罗尔因河谷的罗马控制移民还是本土起源的文化发展？在该项目中，将对“Heimstetten群”的五个大型聚落进行考古学和动物考古学研究，了解其起源和文化印记，并将研究结果与该地区前罗马占领时期的聚落进行比较。相比之下，位于奥格斯堡附近、通往意大利的克劳迪亚大街上的朗魏德县将受到调查。这个早期的罗马定居点是由具有地中海文化根源的移民建立的。除了对发现和特征进行考古和动物考古检查之外，我们将首次对火化和未火化的人类和动物遗骸应用同位素指纹（Sr、Pb），以追踪其地理起源，从而为公元一世纪人类和动物的连续性或不连续性问题提供答案 人口。在该项目的第一阶段（2013-2015），利用来自雷蒂亚不同地区史前遗址的生物考古发现生成了同位素特征。在项目第二阶段（2016-2018），研究结果将与早期罗马背景中发现的骨头签名进行比较。异地个体的证据将引发关于其地理起源的问题。然而，如果涉及家畜的远距离转移，那么人们为什么要费心去转移动物，也需要回答。