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CPS: Small: Scaling Cyber-Physical Systems to the Low-Power Internet of Things

CPS：小型：将网络物理系统扩展到低功耗物联网

基本信息

批准号：
1739723
负责人：
Fadel Adib
金额：
$ 33.86万
依托单位：
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-09-01 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1739723&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CPS Small Scaling Cyber Physical

项目摘要

Battery-free sensors are annually attached to billions of items including pharmaceutical drugs, clothes, and manufacturing parts. The fundamental challenge with these sensors is that they are only reliable at short distances. As a result, today's systems for communicating with and localizing battery-free sensors are crippled by the limited range. This research proposes a cyber-physical system architecture that can overcome this challenge to enable sensing, communicating with, and localizing these sensors at an unprecedented scale. In doing so, the research promises to address multi-billion-dollar challenges facing multiple industries today in shrinkage, inventory control, and finding misplaced items. It can also drastically reduce energy consumption in the internet-of-things by demonstrating how to boost the communication range of battery-free sensors. The research results will be disseminated by publishing in academic venues, working closely with industry, public outreach initiatives, interdisciplinary classes, and releasing software libraries and hardware schematics to the research community. Realizing this vision requires addressing challenges along three fronts: power, accuracy, and interference. First, the low-power nature of battery-free sensors fundamentally limits their communication range to within tens of centimeters to few meters. Second, mapping these sensors to the physical world not only requires the ability to detect them but also to accurately localize them. Finally, cyber-physical systems at scale need to manage wireless interference from thousands or tens of thousands of sensors. The proposal pioneers a cyber-physical system that combines the agility of drones with the sensing capabilities of radio signals to address these challenges. Technically, it introduces a new breed of communication relays, designed particularly for cyber-physical systems, and describes the algorithms that enable localization, sensing, and navigation through drone-mounted relays. The resulting system will be evaluated empirically via software-hardware implementation and real-world deployment.

无电池传感器每年被安装在数十亿件物品上，包括药品、衣服和制造零件。这些传感器面临的根本挑战是它们只能在短距离内可靠。因此，今天用于与无电池传感器进行通信和定位的系统受到有限范围的限制。这项研究提出了一种网络物理系统架构，可以克服这一挑战，以前所未有的规模感知、通信和定位这些传感器。通过这样做，该研究有望解决当今多个行业在收缩、库存控制和寻找错位物品方面面临的数十亿美元的挑战。它还可以通过演示如何提高无电池传感器的通信范围来大幅降低物联网的能耗。研究成果将通过在学术场所出版，与行业密切合作，公共宣传活动，跨学科课程以及向研究界发布软件库和硬件原理图来传播。实现这一愿景需要解决沿着的三个方面的挑战：功率、精度和干扰。首先，无电池传感器的低功耗特性从根本上将其通信范围限制在几十厘米到几米之内。其次，将这些传感器映射到物理世界不仅需要检测它们的能力，还需要准确定位它们。最后，大规模的网络物理系统需要管理来自数千或数万个传感器的无线干扰。该提案开创了一种网络物理系统，将无人机的敏捷性与无线电信号的感知能力相结合，以应对这些挑战。从技术上讲，它引入了一种新的通信中继，专门为网络物理系统设计，并描述了通过无人机安装的中继实现定位，感知和导航的算法。由此产生的系统将通过软件-硬件实现和实际部署进行经验评估。