Wildfire Impacts on Air Quality and Nighttime Brown Carbon Formation

野火对空气质量和夜间棕色碳形成的影响

• 批准号: 1748266
• 负责人: Robert Yokelson
• 金额: $ 38.45万
• 依托单位: University of Montana
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1748266&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Wildfire; Impacts; Air; Quality; Nighttime

This project is part of a larger field campaign, the Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption and Nitrogen (WE-CAN), designed to characterize the emissions and evolution of western U.S. wildfire plumes. The larger field campaign consists of an aircraft study based out of Boise ID focused on scientific questions related to fixed nitrogen, absorbing aerosols, cloud activation and chemistry in wildfire plumes. This project is focused on ground-based measurements, in conjunction with the aircraft flights, to assess wildfire emissions of non-methane organic gases and to evaluate the optical properties of aerosols emitted by wildfires. Results from this effort will provide data and information for more accurately modeling biomass burning emissions to the atmosphere and for potentially reducing exposures to harmful pollutants that result from wildfires.This ground-based effort will be focused mainly on the nearby impacts of smoke chemistry in rural valleys near Boise both night and day. The project includes a 6-week ground-based field deployment during the summertime in 2018. Comprehensive air quality and atmospheric chemistry data will be collected for CO2, CO, NOx, NH3, VOCs, oxidants, PM, tracers, O3, NO3, IVOC, SVOC, black carbon (BC), and brown carbon (BrC). In addition to supplementing the aircraft data, this data will be used to calculate smoldering/flaming ratios and emission factors for nighttime open burning. There are also plans to explore, and quantify to the degree possible, the secondary source of BrC in nighttime aging of smoke. The data collected in this research will be used to improve the representation of nighttime smoke emissions, and especially that of BrC, for fire modeling. The NSF-funded WE-CAN field campaign is part of a more comprehensive team effort that is co-funded by NOAA (the NOAA project is named FIREX) and NASA (the NASA project is named FIREChem). The NSF campaign will take place in the summer of 2018 and the NOAA and NASA campaigns are planned for the summer of 2019.

该项目是西部野火云化学、气溶胶吸收和氮实验（WE-CAN）的一部分，旨在描述美国西部野火羽流的排放和演变。更大的野外活动包括一项基于博伊西ID的飞机研究，重点关注与固定氮、吸收气溶胶、云活化和野火羽流化学有关的科学问题。该项目的重点是结合飞机飞行进行地面测量，以评估野火排放的非甲烷有机气体，并评估野火排放的气溶胶的光学特性。这项工作的结果将为更准确地模拟生物质燃烧排放到大气中提供数据和信息，并有可能减少野火造成的有害污染物的暴露。这项地面工作将主要集中在夜间和白天对博伊西附近农村山谷烟雾化学的影响上。该项目包括在2018年夏季进行为期6周的地面现场部署。将收集全面的空气质量和大气化学数据，包括CO2、CO、NOx、NH3、VOCs、氧化剂、PM、示踪剂、O3、NO3、IVOC、SVOC、黑碳（BC）和棕碳（BrC）。除了补充飞机数据外，这些数据还将用于计算夜间露天燃烧的阴燃/燃烧比和排放系数。他们还计划探索并尽可能量化夜间烟雾老化中BrC的次要来源。本研究收集的数据将用于改进夜间烟雾排放的表示，特别是BrC，用于火灾建模。nsf资助的WE-CAN实地活动是由NOAA （NOAA项目名为FIREX）和NASA （NASA项目名为FIREChem）共同资助的一个更全面的团队努力的一部分。美国国家科学基金会的活动将于2018年夏天举行，美国国家海洋和大气管理局和美国国家航空航天局的活动计划于2019年夏天举行。

项目成果

Emissions of Trace Organic Gases From Western U.S. Wildfires Based on WE‐CAN Aircraft Measurements

基于 WE-CAN 飞机测量的美国西部野火痕量有机气体排放

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jd033838
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Permar, Wade;Wang, Qian;Selimovic, Vanessa;Wielgasz, Catherine;Yokelson, Robert J.;Hornbrook, Rebecca S.;Hills, Alan J.;Apel, Eric C.;Ku, I‐Ting;Zhou, Yong
• 通讯作者: Zhou, Yong

Aerosol Mass and Optical Properties, Smoke Influence on O 3 , and High NO 3 Production Rates in a Western U.S. City Impacted by Wildfires

受野火影响的美国西部城市的气溶胶质量和光学特性、烟雾对 O 3 的影响以及高 NO 3 生产率

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jd032791
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Selimovic, Vanessa;Yokelson, Robert J.;McMeeking, Gavin R.;Coefield, Sarah
• 通讯作者: Coefield, Sarah

Atmospheric OH reactivity in the western United States determined from comprehensive gas-phase measurements during WE-CAN

美国西部大气 OH 反应性通过 WE-CAN 期间的综合气相测量确定

• DOI: 10.1039/d2ea00063f
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Environmental Science: Atmospheres
• 作者: Permar, Wade;Jin, Lixu;Peng, Qiaoyun;O'Dell, Katelyn;Lill, Emily;Selimovic, Vanessa;Yokelson, Robert J.;Hornbrook, Rebecca S.;Hills, Alan J.;Apel, Eric C.
• 通讯作者: Apel, Eric C.

Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX‐AQ)

火灾对区域到全球环境和空气质量的影响 (FIREX-AQ)

• DOI: 10.1029/2022jd037758
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Warneke, Carsten;Schwarz, Joshua P.;Dibb, Jack;Kalashnikova, Olga;Frost, Gregory;Al‐Saad, Jassim;Brown, Steven S.;Brewer, Wm. Alan;Soja, Amber;Seidel, Felix C.
• 通讯作者: Seidel, Felix C.

Emission Factors for Crop Residue and Prescribed Fires in the Eastern US During FIREX‐AQ

FIREX – AQ 期间美国东部农作物残留物和规定火灾的排放因子

• DOI: 10.1029/2023jd039309
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Travis, Katherine R.;Crawford, James. H.;Soja, Amber J.;Gargulinski, Emily M.;Moore, Richard H.;Wiggins, Elizabeth B.;Diskin, Glenn S.;DiGangi, Joshua P.;Nowak, John B.;Halliday, Hannah
• 通讯作者: Halliday, Hannah