Wildfire Impacts on Air Quality and Nighttime Brown Carbon Formation

该项目是一个更大的实地活动的一部分，即西部野火云化学、气溶胶吸收和氮气实验(WE-CAN)，旨在描述美国西部野火羽流的排放和演变。更大的实地活动包括一项基于博伊西ID的飞机研究，重点关注与固定氮、吸收气溶胶、云激活和野火羽流中的化学有关的科学问题。该项目的重点是结合飞机飞行进行地面测量，以评估野火排放的非甲烷有机气体，并评估野火排放的气溶胶的光学性质。这项工作的结果将为更准确地模拟生物质燃烧排放到大气中以及潜在地减少暴露在野火造成的有害污染物中提供数据和信息。这项地面工作将主要集中在博伊西附近农村山谷的烟雾化学在夜间和白天的附近影响。该项目包括在2018年夏季期间进行为期6周的地面实地部署。将收集二氧化碳、一氧化碳、氮氧化物、氨、挥发性有机化合物、氧化剂、PM、示踪剂、臭氧、硝酸根、IVOC、SVOC、黑碳(BC)和棕碳(BRC)的全面空气质量和大气化学数据。除了补充飞机数据外，这些数据还将用于计算夜间露天燃烧的阴燃/燃烧比和排放系数。还计划探索并尽可能量化夜间烟雾老化过程中BRC的次要来源。本研究中收集的数据将用于改进夜间烟雾排放的表示，特别是BRC的表示，用于火灾模拟。NSF资助的We-Can现场活动是由NOAA(NOAA项目名为FIREX)和NASA(NASA项目名为FIREChem)共同资助的更全面团队工作的一部分。NSF的活动将在2018年夏天进行，NOAA和NASA的活动计划在2019年夏天进行。

This project is part of a larger field campaign, the Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption and Nitrogen (WE-CAN), designed to characterize the emissions and evolution of western U.S. wildfire plumes. The larger field campaign consists of an aircraft study based out of Boise ID focused on scientific questions related to fixed nitrogen, absorbing aerosols, cloud activation and chemistry in wildfire plumes. This project is focused on ground-based measurements, in conjunction with the aircraft flights, to assess wildfire emissions of non-methane organic gases and to evaluate the optical properties of aerosols emitted by wildfires. Results from this effort will provide data and information for more accurately modeling biomass burning emissions to the atmosphere and for potentially reducing exposures to harmful pollutants that result from wildfires.This ground-based effort will be focused mainly on the nearby impacts of smoke chemistry in rural valleys near Boise both night and day. The project includes a 6-week ground-based field deployment during the summertime in 2018. Comprehensive air quality and atmospheric chemistry data will be collected for CO2, CO, NOx, NH3, VOCs, oxidants, PM, tracers, O3, NO3, IVOC, SVOC, black carbon (BC), and brown carbon (BrC). In addition to supplementing the aircraft data, this data will be used to calculate smoldering/flaming ratios and emission factors for nighttime open burning. There are also plans to explore, and quantify to the degree possible, the secondary source of BrC in nighttime aging of smoke. The data collected in this research will be used to improve the representation of nighttime smoke emissions, and especially that of BrC, for fire modeling. The NSF-funded WE-CAN field campaign is part of a more comprehensive team effort that is co-funded by NOAA (the NOAA project is named FIREX) and NASA (the NASA project is named FIREChem). The NSF campaign will take place in the summer of 2018 and the NOAA and NASA campaigns are planned for the summer of 2019.