SaTC: CORE: Small: SLIQ: Securing Large-Scale Noisy-Intermediate Scale Quantum Computing

特定应用的参数量子电路旨在利用强大的量子计算机解决社会和科学问题，其中包含资产和嵌入知识产权（IP）。下一代量子计算机将面临两个新的安全问题：(i)多租户计算（MTC）的演变，其中多个程序将共享硬件。量子比特之间不必要的耦合可能会泄露信息，并允许故障/木马注入；（ii）依赖不可信的第三方编译器，这些编译器可以窃取IP和篡改电路。该项目将识别漏洞和威胁载体，并在电路和系统级别开发一套防御措施，以确保未来大规模量子计算的安全。本项目的智力优势在于：(i)识别量子电路、算法和硬件中的各种资产；（ii）识别MTC环境中的漏洞，如串扰、量子位分配、调度和硬件分裂策略，以及不可信编译器，如IP嵌入、串扰、电路质量对量子位分配和门的敏感性；（iii）识别来自MTC环境的安全和隐私威胁，例如基于串扰的故障/木马注入和数据泄漏，以及不受信任的编译器，例如逆向工程和篡改；（iv）开发电路和系统级防御，如基于机器学习的筛选、混淆和分割编译。通过解决安全问题，该项目将消除量子计算机在安全/隐私敏感领域应用的主要障碍。这将导致量子计算机在医疗保健、能源和国防领域的广泛采用，从而产生积极的经济影响。该项目将与计算机科学和密码学社区的行业和专家建立合作，以交流思想，并将直接为《量子倡议法案》和《人工智能倡议法案》做出贡献。它将培训新一代的劳动力来解决使用量子计算的问题。这个项目的工具和方法可以插入到现有的商业优化工具中。所有公开发布的数据将发布在PI的学术网站http://personal.psu.edu/~szg212上，本项目开发的代码将在整个项目期间发布在github （https://github.com/szg212）上，并在奖励结束后不受限制地保留。在这个项目中产生的会议和期刊论文将在出版商的网站上存档（例如，ACM， IEEE）。在整个项目期间，演示文稿、教程和图像将在PI的学术网站上发布，并在奖励结束后不受限制地保留。演示和演示的视频文件将上传到YouTube，项目结束后将不受限制地保存。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Application-specific parametric quantum circuits designed to solve societal and science problems using powerful quantum computers contain assets and embed Intellectual Property (IP). Next generation quantum computers will face two new security issues: (i) evolution of multi-tenant computing (MTC) where multiple programs will share the hardware. The unwanted coupling between qubits can leak information and allow fault/Trojan injection; (ii) dependence on untrusted third-party compilers which can steal IP and tamper the circuit. This project will identify the vulnerabilities and threat vectors and develop a suite of defenses at the circuit and system level to secure future large scale quantum computing.The intellectual merits of this project are rooted at, (i) identification of various assets in quantum circuits, algorithms and hardware; (ii) identification of vulnerabilities in MTC environment such as, crosstalk, qubit allocation, scheduling and hardware splitting policies and untrusted compiler such as, embedding of IP, crosstalk, sensitivity of circuit quality to qubit allocation and gates; (iii) identification of security and privacy threats from MTC environment e.g., crosstalk-based fault/Trojan injection and data leakage and untrusted compiler such as, reverse engineering and tampering; (iv) development of circuit and system-level defenses such as, machine learning-based screening, obfuscation and split compilation. By addressing security, this project will remove a major roadblock towards applicability of quantum computers in security/privacy sensitive sectors. It will lead to widespread adoption of quantum computers in healthcare, energy and defense sectors and therefore, make a positive economic impact. This project will establish collaboration with industry and experts from computer science and cryptography communities to exchange ideas and will contribute directly to the Quantum Initiative Act and AI initiative Act. It will train new generation of workforce to solve problems using quantum computing. The tools and methodologies from this project can be plugged into existing commercial optimization tools. All publicly released data will be posted at PI’s academic website http://personal.psu.edu/~szg212 and the code developed in this project will be released in github (https://github.com/szg212) throughout the project and preserved without restrictions after the award ends. The conference and journal papers produced in this project will be archived in publisher’s website (e.g., ACM, IEEE). The presentations, tutorials and images will be hosted in PI’s academic website throughout the project and preserved without restrictions after the award ends. The video files of demonstrations and presentations will be uploaded in YouTube and will be preserved without restrictions after the project.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.