SaTC: STARSS: Small: Assuring Security and Privacy of Emerging Non-Volatile Memories

诸如静态随机存取存储器(Static RAM)的传统易失性存储器遭受显著的泄漏功率，而诸如闪存的传统存储类非易失性存储器(NVM)遭受较高的写入能量、较差的性能和较低的耐用性。自旋转移扭矩RAM(STTRAM)和阻性RAM(ReRAM)等新兴的NVM具有零泄漏、高密度、可扩展性和高耐用性。由于这些有希望的方面，新兴的NVM已经被几家公司商业化。尽管NVM可以获得能源和性能方面的好处，但它们可能面临新的安全挑战。这项研究将(I)通过了解设备属性与环境参数之间的交互来识别NVM的脆弱性，(Ii)识别诸如篡改和行敲击等完整性威胁，(Iii)提出实时攻击检测方法，(Iv)开发电路和系统级技术，如纳米屏蔽和存储器访问控制，以确保数据完整性，(V)识别隐私威胁，如未经授权访问和故障注入攻击，以提取秘密数据，以及(Vi)提出量化存储器，智能擦除和伪装侧通道以确保数据隐私。这项研究的成功可能会导致NVM在医疗保健和银行等安全关键部门得到更广泛的采用。随着汽车和固态硬盘越来越多地接受新兴的NVM，这项工作可能会带来更直接的好处，例如支持芯片上、支持NVM的低功耗设备，以及传播网络安全知识。所有公开发布的数据将在项目结束后提供，并将在http://www.logics.psu.edu.This上公布，该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并已通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Conventional volatile memories such as static random-access memory (static RAM) suffer from significant leakage power whereas conventional storage class non-volatile memories (NVM) such as flash memory suffer from higher write energy, poor performance and low endurance. Emerging NVMs such as, spin-transfer torque RAM (STTRAM) and resistive RAM (ReRAM) offer zero leakage, high-density, scalability and high endurance. Due to these promising aspects, emerging NVMs are already being commercialized by several companies. Although NVMs can reap energy and performance benefits they may face new security challenges. This research will expose and address the security and privacy threats to NVMs.This research will (i) identify the vulnerabilities of NVMs by understanding the interaction between device properties and ambient parameters, (ii) identify integrity threats such as tampering and row-hammering, (iii) propose methods of real-time attack sensing, (iv) develop circuits and system-level techniques such as nano-shielding and memory access control to ensure data integrity, (v) identify privacy threats such as unauthorized access and fault injection attack to extract secret data, and (vi) propose quantized memory, intelligent erasure and camouflaging of side channels to ensure data privacy.The success of this research may lead to wider adoption of NVMs in security-critical sectors such as healthcare and banking. With growing acceptance of emerging NVMs in automobiles and solid state drives this work may have more immediate benefits, such as enabling on-chip, NVM-enabled, low-power devices, as well as spreading cybersecurity literacy. All publicly released data will be made available after the project and will be posted at http://www.logics.psu.edu.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.