Analysis of leukemogenesis caused by disruption of gene regulatory mechanisms mediated by multiple transactivation domains

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GATA1 is a transcription factor essential for comprehensive regulation of genes involved in erythroid/megakaryocytic cell differentiation, utilizing two separate transactivation domains (TADs) located in amino(N)- and carboxyl(C)-terminal region of the molecule, respectively. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) in children with Down syndrome is associated with GATA1 lacking N-TAD. We established transgenic mouse lines expressing mutant GATA1s lacking either N-TAD or C-TAD and analyzed the function of the domains in mice. We found that both N-TAD and C-TAD are important for fetal hematopoiesis. We also found that the disturbed function due to the lack of one TAD could be compensated by the functional enhancement of the other TAD in erythroid cells, whereas lack of N-TAD function could not be compensated in megakaryocytes. These results indicate that a skewed transactivation activity caused by single function of C-TAD is involved in the onset of Down syndrome AMKL.