Identification of new regulatory B cell subsets suppressing fibrosis

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Recent studies have clarified the protective role of regulatory B cells (Bregs) in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we studied the role of Bregs in fibortic diseases using sclerodermatous chronic graft-versus-host disease (Scl-cGVHD) model, which is characterized by fibrosis and autoimmune features resembling those of systemic sclerosis (SSc). CD19-deficient (CD19-/-) mice were used as donors or recipients in this model. CD19-/- donors induced more severe Scl-cGVHD than wild-type donors, while CD19-/- recipients showed no significant differences compared with wild-type recipients. IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (B10 cells) were not reconstituted by CD19-/- donor cells, and early adoptive transfer of B10 cells attenuated the augmented manifestations of CD19-/- donor-induced Scl-cGVHD. Therefore, donor-derived B10 cells have a suppressive role in Scl-cGVHD development.