Preparation of artificial membrane sensor which responds to various odorants

考察了提高脂质体对气味敏感度的条件。磷脂酰胆碱(PC)脂质体膜电位变化的最低浓度(阈值)约为10~(-4)M，加入10%或20%的磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)可使膜电位的阈值降低到约10~(-9)M，低于甲鱼和蛙嗅觉系统中的阈值。与乙酸戊酯类似，PS的加入大大降低了紫罗兰酮的阈值。在发生膜电位变化的相似浓度范围内，脂质体对气味的响应发生了膜流动性的变化，并考察了蛋白质和多肽的添加对脂质体对气味选择性的影响。在PS/PC=0.2的脂质体中掺入刀豆蛋白A可显著提高其对柠檬醛的反应性，降低对乙酸戊酯的反应性。将Leu-Leu掺入PS/PC=0.2脂质体中，可增强对有花香气味的气味的反应。结论：不同组成的脂质体对气味的响应模式不同，可对气味质量进行鉴别。

The conditions to increase the sensitivities of liposomes to odorants were examined. The minimum concentration of amyl acetate to induce the membrane potential changes (threshold) in phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes was about 10^<-4>M and addition of 10 or 20% phospatidylserine (PS) lowered the threshold to about 10^<-9>M, which was lower than the thresholds for amyl acetate in the turtle and frog olfactory systems. Similar to amyl acetate, addition of PS to PC greatly lowered the threshold for ionone. The membrane fluidity change of the liposomes in response to odorants occurred at similar concentration region where the membrane potential changes occurred.The effects of addition of proteins and peptides on selectivity of liposomes to odorants were also examined. Incorporation of Con A to PS/PC = 0.2 liposomes greatly increased the response to citral and decreased that to amyl acetate. Incorporation of Leu-Leu to PS/PC = 0.2 liposomes increased the response to odorants having floral odor. It was concluded that quality of odor can be identified by response pattern of liposomes having different composition.