Preparation of artificial membrane sensor which responds to various odorants

考察了提高脂质体对气味物质敏感性的条件。在磷脂酰胆碱（PC）脂质体中诱导膜电位变化（阈值）的乙酸戊酯的最小浓度为约10 μ <-4>M，并且添加10或20%的磷酸化丝氨酸（PS）将阈值降低至约10 μ <-9>M，这低于乙酸戊酯在海龟和青蛙嗅觉系统中的阈值。与乙酸戊酯类似，将PS加入PC中大大降低了紫罗兰酮的阈值。脂质体对气味物质的膜流动性变化发生在与膜电位变化相似的浓度范围内，并考察了蛋白质和多肽的加入对脂质体对气味物质选择性的影响。PS/PC = 0.2脂质体中掺入ConA后，对柠檬醛的反应增强，对乙酸戊酯的反应减弱。将Leu-Leu掺入PS/PC = 0.2的脂质体增加了对具有花香气味的气味剂的响应。结果表明，不同组成的脂质体的响应模式可以鉴别气味的质量。

The conditions to increase the sensitivities of liposomes to odorants were examined. The minimum concentration of amyl acetate to induce the membrane potential changes (threshold) in phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes was about 10^<-4>M and addition of 10 or 20% phospatidylserine (PS) lowered the threshold to about 10^<-9>M, which was lower than the thresholds for amyl acetate in the turtle and frog olfactory systems. Similar to amyl acetate, addition of PS to PC greatly lowered the threshold for ionone. The membrane fluidity change of the liposomes in response to odorants occurred at similar concentration region where the membrane potential changes occurred.The effects of addition of proteins and peptides on selectivity of liposomes to odorants were also examined. Incorporation of Con A to PS/PC = 0.2 liposomes greatly increased the response to citral and decreased that to amyl acetate. Incorporation of Leu-Leu to PS/PC = 0.2 liposomes increased the response to odorants having floral odor. It was concluded that quality of odor can be identified by response pattern of liposomes having different composition.