Adaptive Multimode Lubrication in Natural Synovial Joints and Joint Prostheses

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The object of this research is to elucidate the adaptive multimode lubrication mechanism in natural synovial joints and joint prostheses.The following methods were carried out.1.Elucidation of the adaptive multimode lubrication in natural synovial jointsIn addition to the elastohydrodynamic lubrication, the gel-film lubrication and weeping lubrication mechanisms were investigated. The reciprocating tests of gelatin gel models showed the lowering of friction under appropriate temperature condition for sedimentation and adsorption of gel film. Frictional behavior of pig articular cartilage exhibited the influence of gel film. The weeping behavior in cartilage surface was observed by the confocal laser microscope. The lowering of friction was shown in related to the weeping in PVA(poly-vinyl-alcohol) hydrogel.2.Investigation of the adaptive multimode lubrication in joint prosthesesBoth cylindrical knee prosthesis and anatomical one with compliant tibial component exhibited the considerable elastohydrodynamic film formation under lubricated condition with lubricants of medium viscosity. Under low viscosity conditions, the adaptive multimode lubrication mechanism is required. The weeping lubrication was examined by using PVA hydrogel component, showing low friction. The duo-cylindrical geometric design was proposed to establish two modes for the stance and swing phases during walking.3.Clinical evaluation of lubrication mode in natural synovial joints and joint prosthesesThe occurence of high acceleration for lateral direction was observed in patients with osteoarthritis of inferior lubrication function in knee joints. The improvement of contact condition in knee joint by using insole was effective in reducing of lateral thrust.