Insulin releasing cells derived from embryonic stem cells and new semipermeable membranes for bioartificial pancreas.

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Dopaminergic Neurons Derived from ES Cells : Neural inducing factors (NIFs) produced by washing PA6 cells were collected. ES cells enclosed in semipermeable membranes could be efficiently differentiated to dopaminergic neurons using medium containing NIFs. β-tubulin type III positive cells and tyrosine hydroxylase positive cells were clearly observed in ES cell progenies after 16 days culture, and dopamine release were seen when cells were exposed to 56 mM KCl for 15 mm through deporization of neurons. Differentiation of ES cells in semipermeable membranes is one of crucially important procedures when cell therapy of Parkinson's disease will be realized.Insulin Releasing Cells Derived from ES Cells : Insulin releasing ES cell progeny was derived in culture media with/without fetal calf serum by the 4 step procedure. Cells of which cytoplasm was stained by the anti-insulin antibody and by anti-C-peptide antibodies were obtained. Those cells can be subculture 9 times. The results suggest that a sufficient number of insulin releasing cells could be obtained from ES cells for the cell transplantation therapy of diabetic patients.Membrane for Immunoisolation : An amino groups-terminated poly (ethylene glycol)-conjugated phospholipids (PEG-lipids, Mw : 5000) spontaneously formed a thin layer on cells, when they were added to cells suspension. The layer-by-layer membrane could be further formed on the PEG-lipid layer through the polyion complex formation between amino groups at the end of PEG chains, sodium alginate and poly-L-lysine. Cells could be microencapsulated by this method without volume increase.