Processes of exchange in the recitations of holy texts from the Iranian-Mesopotamian region: the risk of losing the Jewish, Christian, Mandaean, and Muslim heritage

伊朗-美索不达米亚地区诵读圣文的交流过程：失去犹太教、基督教、曼达教和穆斯林遗产的风险

• 批准号: 449715975
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Angelika Neuwirth
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Seminar für Semitistik und Arabistik - Fachrichtung Arabistik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/449715975?language=en
• 关键词: Processes; exchange; recitations; holy; texts

The tradition for sacred texts to be recited, i.e. chanted rather than just read out, is very old. Already in the Babylonian Talmud, Megillah 32a it is said about anyone, who reads from the Scripture without melodic formula: "I gave them also statutes that were not good." (Ez.20:25) The importance of Biblical recitation has various reasons: The holy text was, however, to be produced with elevated voice, not in the tone of regular parlance, since it was, after all, directed towards God. Furthermore, a text with melodic structuring was easier to retain in memory. Correct recitation became very important because of the fear that through improper recitation the meaning of a text could be altered or multiple ways of understanding a text could emerge. The goal was to make the public recitation of the texts of the Torah, the Gospels, the Ginza and the Qur´an as intelligible as possible to those gathered in worship, since the laity could not read the text. Their access to the holy texts was strictly an aural one. The common study of East Syriac and Mandaic recitations as well as of the recitation of the Qur´an in Iran and Iraq is based on these insights. It is the first research on these traditions which are at the risk of loss.

诵读圣典的传统非常古老，即诵读而不仅仅是诵读。在巴比伦的《塔木德》，《弥吉拉》32章a节中就有这样的说法：“我也赐给他们不好的律例。”（结二十：25）诵读《圣经》的重要性有多方面的原因：然而，诵读《圣经》的时候，要用高亢的声音，而不是用平常的腔调，因为它毕竟是对上帝说的。此外，具有旋律结构的文本更容易记忆。正确的背诵变得非常重要，因为人们担心，通过不正确的背诵，文本的含义可能会被改变，或者可能出现多种理解文本的方式。其目的是使聚集在一起做礼拜的人尽可能能理解公开背诵的《摩西五经》、《福音书》、《银座经》和《古兰经》，因为俗人看不懂这些经文。他们对圣典的接触是严格的听觉方式。对东叙利亚语和曼陀罗语背诵以及伊朗和伊拉克的古兰经背诵的共同研究是基于这些见解。这是第一次对这些面临失去风险的传统进行研究。