Genomic structure and functional analysis of the MAD related gene.

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The structure of objective genes on the human genome is essential for cancer related gene research grounded in DNA in clinical cancer studies. Since 1997, our research group efforts have : focused on structure decisions of MAD related genes and performed functional analysis to clarify TGF-13 signaling pathways and relation to cancer ; selected the TGF-β RII, Smad2, Smad3, Smad6, Smad7 ; examined all manner of cancer tissue gene abnormalities ; and reported those findings. Currently, the project is summarized as below.1. Presently, the following are registered to EMBL/GenBanK (Data Libraries under Accession Nos.)Smad2 : U78726 to U78733Smad3 : AF025293 to AF025300, AB004922 to AB004930Smad4 : (promoter) : U44378Smad6 : AF041062 to AF041065Smad7 : AF026556 to AF0265592. Among TGF-β signaling pathways analyzed here, confirmed gene mutations in human cancer tissue are Smad4, Smad2, TGF-β RII, and RI only. There are no abnormalities in Smad3, Smad6, and Smad7.