Several aspects of the popular culture in cities and country side of the Modern France and its influence on the literature

本研究旨在根据4位共同研究者确定的每个主题，从城市尤其是巴黎与法国乡村的文化差异或类比出发，每日探讨法国大众文化与法国现代文学的关系。我们分三个主题调查了这个课题，分析了在项目期间在法国收集的研究资料、文件和信息。我们试图以法国流行歌曲为基础，阐明巴黎和其他国家流行文化的各个方面，并研究流行歌曲对法国文学的影响。19世纪创作或传播的法国流行歌曲和民歌可以分为不同的流派。例如，批判政府的叛逆歌曲，讽刺资产阶级道德和价值观的讽刺歌曲，描写日常生活的现实主义歌曲，人们的风俗习惯，不雅和淫秽的歌曲等等。这些歌曲为我们了解19世纪流行文化的现实提供了重要的资料，也使我们发现了法国诗歌的来源之一。我们实地考察了法国现实主义小说特别是福楼拜小说中描写的诺曼底和布列塔尼乡村人民的日常生活、风俗习惯和心理状态。通过这次调查，我们能够比较19世纪农民的现实生活和现实主义小说中对他们的描写。我们也明确了普罗旺斯特有的以万物有灵论为特征的思维模式，它不同于法国的理性思维方式和基督教世界观，在巴黎等城市几乎消失了。我们认为，从不同的角度理解法国流行文化，研究它在不同类型的文学作品中的反映，为文学研究带来了新的视角。少

This research aimed to darily the relation between French popular culture and Modern French literature in the light of cultural difference or its analogy between cities, especially Paris, and French country side according to each theme settled by 4 co-investigators.We investigated this subject under three topics analyzing the research materials, documents and informations collected in France during the term of project.1.We tried to elucidate various aspects of the popular culture not only in Paris, but also in countries using French popular songs as a basis, and investigated an influence of the popular song on French literature. French popular songs and folk songs created or transmitted in 19^<th> century can be classified into various genres. For example rebellious song criticizing the government, ironical song satirizing the morality and the sense of values of the bourgeoisie, realistic song describing the daily life, the manners and the customs of the people, indecent and obscene so … More ng, and so on. These songs furnish to us important materials to know the realities of the popular culture in 19^<th> century, but also they made us discover one of source of French poetry.2.We carried out an on-the-spot investigation on the daily life, manners, the customs and the mentality of the people living in the country side especially in Normandy and Brittany described in the French realistic novels, particularly in Flaubert's novels. By this investigation, we were able to compare the realities of the farmer in 19^<th> century and their description in the realistic novels.3.We also made clear the thinking pattern peculiar to Provence which is characterized by animism, different from the rational way of thinking and the Christian view of the world in France, almost lost in the cities like Paris.We think that understanding of French popular culture from different points of view and investigating how it reflects in different kinds of literary works brought a new point of view in literary investigation. Less