Molecular mechanism of chemoprevention against prostate cancer by phytosterol

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We investigated how phytosterol such as gensitein play a role in inhibiting the cell growth of prostate cancer. Since 2002 we used androgen dependent cell line, LNCaP, in our experiments. In particular, our experiments focused on telomerase activity associated with cancer cell proliferation. The results indicated that genistein could suppress the transcription of hTERT gene which is one of catalytic subunits of telomerase. Similar results were obtained in experiments using androgen independent PC3 prostate cancer cell. These data revealed that genistein inhibited telomerase activity regardless of androgen dependency.Next, we investigated the expression of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug activated gene 1 (NAG-1) that is activated by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). RT-PCR analysis showed that NAG-1 gene expressed in prostate cancer tissue higher than in normal prostate tissue, and its expression level was associated with the pathological differentiation. When LNCaP cells were stimulated with genistein, it suppressed the expression of NAG-1 in time-and dose-dependent manner.In conclusion, gensitein affected not only telomerase activity but also some genes such as NAG-1 related with prostate cancer. Further investigation of molecular mechanism of which gensitein plays an important role in prostate cancer may lead to the development of new strategy for treatment or chemoprevention of prostate cancer.