A Historical Study of the Kanbun-Kundoku (Japanese Readings of Chinese Texts) used in translations during the Edo and Meiji Periods

汉语读法是一种传统的翻译方法。通过考察江户、明治时期各种译本中的训诂用法，并与江户时代的《论语》等各种昆腾材料进行比较，发现江户时代的荷兰学学者和江户、明治时期的英语学学者在学习或翻译荷兰语或英语时，都采用了训诂法。在一些学习书籍中，我们可以找到日语对应词，并在每个荷兰语或英语单词下标记表示词序。Kanbun-Kundoku-Style是明治时代最流行的风格之一。其主要原因是当时的知识分子学习了《劝学》，熟悉了《观分训诂》。观分训诂学形成于江户时代后期，受到江户时代最简单的训诂学方法--一斋天的影响很大。因此，Kanbun-Kundoku-Style被发现非常简单。

Kanbun-kundoku (Japanese readings of Chinese texts) is a traditional translating system. By adding kana (Japanese phonetic characters) or marks, Chinese classics are translated into Japanese.Having investigated Kundoku usage in various translations in the Edo and Meiji era and compared them with those in various kunten materials Rongo (Confucian Analects) in the Edo era, the following results were obtained:Rangakusha (scholars of Dutch learning in the Edo era) and Eigakusha (scholars of English learning in the Edo and Meiji era) applied this method to studying or translating Dutch or English. In some study books, we can find Japanese equivalent and marks which indicate word order under each Dutch or English word.Kanbun-Kundoku-Style was one of the most popular styles in the Meiji era. The main reason is that the intellectualsin those days had studied Kangaku and they were familiar with Kanbun-Kundoku-Style. Kanbun-kundoku-Style was formed during the late Edo era and was greatly influenced by Issai-ten which was the simplest Kundoku-Method in the Edo era. Thus, that Kanbun-Kundoku-Style is found very simple.