Localization and functional role of interneurons in the brainstem involved in chewing and swallowing

脑干中参与咀嚼和吞咽的中间神经元的定位和功能作用

• 批准号: 17591934
• 负责人: INOUE Makoto
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: Niigata University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17591934/
• 关键词: mastication; swallow; jaw opening reflex; inferior alveolar nerve; tongue; jaw muscle; electromyography; 動物; 顎反射; 細胞外記録

An electrophysiological study was performed in awake and anesthetized animals as well as human subjects. In animal experiments, interneuron activities in the brainstem were recorded with EMGs of masseter, digastric and genioglossus muscles. Electrical stimulation was applied in the inferior alveolar and superior laryngeal nerves to evoke the jaw reflex and swallowing reflex, respectively, while the cortical masticatory area was also stimulated to evoke the fictive mastication. Interneuron and/or muscle activity was recorded to investigate how they were modulated by the peripheral/central stimulation. It was very difficult to record interneuron activity because they were very sensitive to the respiration which was also modulated by the stimulation. We, therefore, moved our eyes to the output system to understand the function. In chronic experiments of animals, changes in jaw reflex responses were evaluated during chewing and swallowing. The results showed that the reflexes were suppressed not only during chewing but also during swallowing, and the modulation during swallowing was moderate as compared to that during chewing. The results suggest that the modulatory inputs to motoneurons exist from the chewing center and swallowing center independently. On the other hand, in humans, modulatory pattern was investigated in the EMG activity of the genioglossus muscle which was one of the extrinsic tongue muscles and was known to critically function as making the food bolus and transporting it through the oropharynx to the esophagus. the anterior and posterior portions of tongue were modulated by the peripheral inputs in a different manner. It may contribute to completion of ingestion.

电生理研究在清醒和麻醉的动物和人类受试者中进行。动物实验用咬肌、二腹肌和颏舌肌肌电图记录脑干间神经元活动。电刺激下肺泡神经和喉上神经分别唤起下颌反射和吞咽反射，同时电刺激皮质咀嚼区唤起虚拟咀嚼。记录中间神经元和/或肌肉活动，以研究它们是如何被外周/中枢刺激调节的。很难记录中间神经元的活动因为它们对呼吸非常敏感而呼吸也会受到刺激的调节。因此，我们将目光转向输出系统，以理解其功能。在动物慢性实验中，评估了咀嚼和吞咽过程中颌骨反射反应的变化。结果表明，大鼠在咀嚼和吞咽过程中反射均受到抑制，且吞咽过程中的调节较咀嚼过程中的调节温和。结果表明，咀嚼中枢和吞咽中枢对运动神经元的调节输入是独立存在的。另一方面，在人类中，研究了颏舌肌肌电图活动的调节模式颏舌肌肌肌是舌外肌之一，在制造食物丸并将其通过口咽部运送到食道中起着关键作用。舌的前后部分被周围输入以不同的方式调节。它可能有助于完成摄入。

项目成果

Modulation of jaw reflexes induced by noxious stimulation to the muscle in anesthetized rats.

麻醉大鼠肌肉有害刺激引起的下颌反射的调节。

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Brain Res. 1041
• 作者: Kurose;M.
• 通讯作者: M.

Mastication-induced modulation of orofacial sensory inputs as seen in the jaw reflex and single neuronal activities in the primary face somatosensory cortex

咀嚼诱导的口面部感觉输入调节，如颌反射和初级面部体感皮层的单个神经元活动所示

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Arch. Oral Biol 52(4)
• 作者: Imoto;K.;et. al.;Yamamura K
• 通讯作者: Yamamura K

嚥下の基礎的知識-嚥下の神経機構-(日本顎口腔機能学会編).摂食嚥下機能の検査法.

吞咽基础知识-吞咽的神经机制-（日本口腔颌面功能学会编）摄食及吞咽功能检查方法。

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: Harasawa;Y;井上誠
• 通讯作者: 井上誠

Effects of Food Consistency on Tongue Pressure during Swallowing

• DOI: 10.2330/joralbiosci.48.278
• 发表时间: 2006-01-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF ORAL BIOSCIENCES
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Sugita, Kaori;Inoue, Makoto;Yamada, Yoshiaki
• 通讯作者: Yamada, Yoshiaki

どうして食べ物を細かく粉砕して磨りつぶして飲み込めるのだろうか?,異物が喉に入ってもすぐに吐き出せるのはなぜ? 口腔の生理から?を解く(森本俊文監修)

为什么可以将食物压碎磨成小块再吞咽？,为什么异物进入喉咙后可以立即吐出？从口腔的生理学角度解决问题（森本俊文监修）

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: Harasawa;Y;井上誠;井上誠;井上誠他;井上誠;井上誠他;井上誠
• 通讯作者: 井上誠