A Comparative Policy Study on Closing the Gap of Academic Achievement

本研究旨在比较日本、英国、德国、法国、美国和澳大利亚六个国家缩小中小学生学业成绩差距的政策。主要发现：1）除日本外，世界各国都在制定缩小差距的政策; 2）缩小差距的政策重点各不相同。例如，英国的主要差距被认为是基于阶级制度。在德国和法国，移民儿童的低成就是主要关切。3)各国根据本国的历史、教育传统和现政府的政治取向采取了不同的措施。

The aim of this study is to compare the policies on closing the gap of academic achievement of the school children among six countries, that is, Japan, England, Germany, France, the United States and Australia. The major findings are as follows : 1) All the countries except Japan have been developing the policies on closing the gap, 2) The major focus varies a lot. For example, England the major gap is seen to be based on the class system. In Germany and France, the low attainment of immigrant children is the major concern. 3) Diverse measures have been adopted in each country depending on the history of the country, the tradition of its education and the political orientation of its present government.