A Comparative Policy Study on Closing the Gap of Academic Achievement

本研究的目的是比较日本、英国、德国、法国、美国和澳大利亚六个国家在缩小学龄儿童学业成绩差距方面的政策。主要发现如下：1)除日本外，所有国家都在制定缩小差距的政策；2)侧重点差异很大。例如，英国的主要差距被认为是基于阶级制度。在德国和法国，移民儿童的低成就是主要问题。每个国家都根据该国的历史、教育传统和现任政府的政治倾向采取了不同的措施。

The aim of this study is to compare the policies on closing the gap of academic achievement of the school children among six countries, that is, Japan, England, Germany, France, the United States and Australia. The major findings are as follows : 1) All the countries except Japan have been developing the policies on closing the gap, 2) The major focus varies a lot. For example, England the major gap is seen to be based on the class system. In Germany and France, the low attainment of immigrant children is the major concern. 3) Diverse measures have been adopted in each country depending on the history of the country, the tradition of its education and the political orientation of its present government.