Adaptive Instructional Systems for Intelligent Computer-Assisted Instruction

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Techniques and theories derived from Artificial Intelligence (AI) are going to be applied to computer-based educational fields. Intelligent Computer-Assisted Instruction (ICAI) is one of the researches in the fields and the goal of ICAI is to realize the systems that accept students' explanation in their problem-solving process, reason their knowledge state and guide them adaptively. The issue of constructing mental model from knowledge communication between a student and a system must be solved for pursuing the goal. To establish the organization method of such intelligent tutoring systems, we developed the system that is constructed by following modules.(1) Natural Language Interface : Student's explanation for solving problems and their asking for helps are translated to the frame-formed internal representation by the syntactic analysis and the case grammar analysis.(2) Expert knowledge and Inference Mechanism : The student's action is reconstructed to the student model by using the primitive knowledge and the procedural knowledge in the system. During reconstruction, student's misunderstanding and errors are diagnosed and his asking is answered by the direct tutorial strategy.(3) Script-Based Monitor : Problem-solving process is expressed by scripts. Diagnosis and assistance can be attained using proposed monitor.A tutoring system was organized on a workstation and the system evaluation was done by comparing three groups of 60 students. The result shows the efficiency of the system for novice students who can explain their action and unknown knowledge by sentences.