Positive Research on"Democratic Nature and Efficiency"in Local Educational Administration

二战后，在日本，它的目的是彻底实现教育管理的民主化。实行教育委员会制度，董事会成员由普选产生，会议向人民开放，实行民主运行。但事实上，该系统很快就被修订了。董事会成员的公开选举被废除，会议开幕制度也被从法律中驱逐。然而，不能说民主原则从地方教育行政中消失了，因为它必须在以民主为主要支柱的日本宪法下运作。地方教育管理的民主性和效率之间的相互关系是多义性和多变性的，我们不容易阐明这两者的相互关系。行政管理的民主方面分为实体方面和程序方面。效率有两种含义：一种是机械的，另一种是社会的。我们的研究表明，程序民主与机制效率必然是矛盾的、相互负相关的，而程序民主与社会效率却是正相关的。程序民主、机械效率和社会效率之间的相互关系错综复杂地交织在一起，但现在很明显，我们可以将这些要素的水平提高到某种程度上，这是不矛盾的。

After the World War II, in Japan, it was intended to democratize the educational administration thorouffily. The system of board of education was introduced, and the board-members were elected by popular vote and its meetings were opened to the people for its democratic operation. But, in fact, the system was revised soon. The public election of board-members was abandoned and the system of opening the meetings was also banished from the law. It can not be said nevertheless that the principle of democracy was perished from the local educational administration, because it must be operated under the Constitution of Japan which makes the democracy its main pole. At the same time, it must be efficient and effective.It is not easy for us to explicate the mutual relationship between the democratic nature and the efficiency of local educational administration, for those concepts are multivocal and changeable. The democratic aspects of administration are devided into the substantive and procedural sides. And there are two meanings of efficiency ; one is mechanical, and the other is social. According to our research, it has become obvious that the procedual democracy and mechanical efficiency are inevitably contradictory and in the negative correlation each other, but that the procedural democracy and social efficiency are in the positive correlation. The mutual relationship among procedural democracy, mechanical and social efficiencies are intertwined complicatedly, but it is now clear that we can elevate the levels of these elements to some degree uncontradictorily.