Joint Comparative Studies on Lifelong Learning

1. 这项联合研究是由日本环境研究所与教科文组织国际环境研究所合作进行的，为期1992-1993年2年。2 .本研究的目的在于了解日本、美国、英国、法国、德国、瑞典、俄罗斯、澳洲等工业化国家终身学习结构的新知识。在项目的第一年，两个机构与上述国家的学者共同在巴黎举办了一个关于终身学习的研讨会，会上报告了NIER进行的关于学习需求和供应的五项全国性调查。他们分别对成人、公司和公司、公司员工的学习需求进行了三次调查；还有两项关于学习提供者的调查：教育委员会和高等教育机构。从这些调查中可以清楚地看出，日本成年人更喜欢一般文化、爱好和其他非职业活动，尽管对高等教育作为经常性教育机构的兴趣正在增加。3 .这两个机构联合编写了题为“选定工业化国家的终身教育”的讨论会报告（工业教育研究所，1993年，第203页）。第二年，环境研究所于1993年在东京与环境研究所的工作人员组织了一次讨论会。针对具体目标人群的终身学习项目研讨会得出以下三点结论：(1)以老年人为主要对象的一般文化、爱好和非职业项目；(2)“第二次机会”项目，主要针对终身残疾、教育机会渺茫的青年和中年人；(3)对青年和中年人进行经常性教育，特别是在失业率非常高的欧洲国家。

1. This joint study was conducted by NIER, Japan in collaboration with IIEP, Unesco for two years of 1992-1993.2. The objectives of the study were to gain the new knowledge on lifelong learning structures in industrialized countries of Japan, the U.S., the U.K., France, Germany, Sweden, Russia, Australia.3. In the first year of the project, both institutions jointly organized in Paris a seminar with scholars from aforementioned countries on lifelong learning in which five nationwide surveys on demands for and supplies of learning conducted by NIER were reported. They were three surveys on demands for learning by adults, by firms and companies, and by company employees, respectively ; and two surveys on providers of learning : the boards of education and the higher education institutions. From these surveys, it was made clear that general culture, hobbies and other non-vocational activities were more liked by adults in Japan, although interest in higher education as a recurrent education institution was increasing. Both institutions jointly prepared a seminar report entitled "Lifelong Education in Selected Industrialized Countries"(IIEP, 1993, pp.203).4. In the second year, the NIER organized a seminar in Tokyo in 1993 with IIEP staff members. Conclusions of the seminar on lifelong learning programs for the specific target population reached the following three :(1) General culture, hobbies and non-vocational programs mainly for aged, senior citizens ;(2) "Second Chance" programs mainly for those youth and in their middle ages who had been handicapped in their life with forlorn education opportunities ; and(3) Recurrent education for youth and those in their niddle ages, particularly in European countries where the ratio of unemployment is very high.