The establishment of research model on constitution and exercise experiment-review of animal study model-

经典的实验小鼠在体育科学中发挥着重要的作用。虽然其优点是能够控制遗传背景，但小鼠的遗传背景非常小，行为特征是家养和缓慢的运动活动。另一方面，国立遗传研究所已经建立了由野生小鼠衍生的保持自然性状的近交系。本研究对野生小家鼠（Mus musculus mollosinus和Mus spretus）的生长速度和体格表现等表型进行了研究，并与经典实验小鼠进行了比较。野生小鼠的体格表现高于（或低于）经典实验小鼠（M.m.野生小鼠间的变异大于经典实验小鼠。肌纤维类型也不同于经典的实验小鼠。结果表明，野生小鼠是有效的。由母系遗传提供的mtDNA被认为会影响在个体上观察到的表型。据报道，人类某些线粒体DNA疾病与特定的线粒体DNA多态性有关。本实验研究了单线粒体DNA对经典实验小鼠和线粒体DNA同源小鼠表型的影响，结果表明线粒体DNA对表型有影响。此外，线粒体DNA对胚胎发育到囊胚期的数量和能力有影响，发育能力受环境（温度和O2）条件的影响，研究动物个体特征的差异是生命科学的重要课题之一，培育新的实验小鼠是研究的必要条件。因此，在研究动物个体特征时，应注意线粒体DNA的作用。

Classical laboratory mouse has been playd a important role on sports science. Although the advantage is to be able to control the genetic backgrounds, the genetic backgrounds of the mouse are very small and the behavioral charactors are domestic and slow locomotive activity. On the othe hand, inbred strains derivrd from wild mice which keep the natural traits have been established by the National Institute of Genetics. We examine phenotypes, such as growth rate and physical performance, on the wild mice (Mus musculus mollosinus and Mus spretus) to compare with classical laboratory mouse. The physical performances of the wild mice were higher (or lower) than that of classical laboratory mouse (M.m. domesticus), and the variation between wild mice was greater than that of classical laboratory mouse. The muscle fiber types are also different to classical laboratory mouse. As the results, it is indicated that the wild mice is validity.We focused mitochondria which have the mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNA). The mtDNA provided by maternal inheritance is thought to affect phenotypes observed on individuals. It is reported that some human mtDNA disease are related with the specific mtDNA polymorphisms. We examined the effect of only mtDNA on the phenotypes of classical laboratory mouse and the mtDNA-congenic mice and it showed that the mtDNA affected the phenotypes. Moreover, it was recognized that the mtDNA influenced to the number and the ability of the embryos to develop to the blastocysts stage and the development ability was affected by environment (temperature and O2) condition.To research that an individual characteristic of animals is different is one of important thema on life sciences and for the study it is necessary to produce a new laboratory mouse. And we should attend to the effect of mtDNA on research about an individual characteristic of animals.