HISTORICAL STUDY ON THE RESIDENTIAL AREA PLANNINGS BASED ON NATIONAL ROMANTICISM OF FINLAND

本研究的目的是对芬兰国家浪漫主义时期(约1895-1915)的建筑进行研究，尤其是对其后期的居住区规划进行研究。赫尔辛基的Kulosaari区和Munkkiniemi-Haaga区将被详细分析。Kulosaari从1907年开始在建筑师L.Sonck(1870-1956)的领导下规划和建设。由于小岛上的情况，居民们可以享受到与大自然共处的平静和舒适的环境。另一方面，它与整个城市发展的割裂所造成的封闭性或排他性成为讨论的主题。关于Munkkiniemi-Haaga的建议书由建筑师E.Saarinen(1873-1950)于1915年出版。该项目具有对人口或系统交通网络进行统计估计的理性主义特征，可以毫不夸张地说，它是将现代城市规划方法引入芬兰的第一个项目。尽管这两个项目在性质上有很大的不同，但它们都反映了晚期民族浪漫主义的精髓。此外，它们还为20世纪30年代后芬兰现代建筑的独特性奠定了基础，因为它们的起点不仅是“现代城市”，而且还有“原始森林”。在许多国家的现代化进程中，我们可以强调芬兰民族浪漫主义的特殊性。特别是这一时期的居住区规划，应在今后的研究项目中引起更多的关注。

The aim of this study project is to make researches into the Finnish architecture of National Romantic period (c. 1895-1915), especially into the residential area plannings of its late phase. Kulosaari district and Munkkiniemi-Haaga district of Helsinki are to be anlysed into details.Kulosaari was planned and constructed from 1907 according to the leadership of L.Sonck (1870-1956), architect. Because of the situation on a small island, the inhabitants could afford to enjoy the calm and comfortable circumstances with nature. On the other hand, its closeness or exclusiveness which is caused by the division from the development of the whole city is to become a subject of discussion.The proposal book for Munkkiniemi-Haaga was published by E.Saarinen(1873-1950), architect in 1915. The project has a rationalistic character with statistical estimate of population or systematic traffic network, and it is no exaggeration to say that it was the first project that introduced the method of modern city planning to Finland. However, it was too idealistic or radical to be realised in that period in this country.Although these two projects are very different in quality from each other, both of them reflect the essence of late National Romanticism. In addition, they laid the foundations of the unique character of Finnish modern architecture after 1930s, because they have, as a starting point, not only "modern city" but also "virgin forest". Among many examples of modernisation process in various countries, we can emphasize the speciality of National Romanticism in Finland. Especially, the residential area plannings of this period should attract more considerable attention in the following research projects from now on.