HISTORICAL STUDY ON THE RESIDENTIAL AREA PLANNINGS BASED ON NATIONAL ROMANTICISM OF FINLAND

本研究项目的目的是对芬兰民族浪漫主义时期的建筑进行研究。1895年至1915年），特别是进入其后期阶段的居住区规划。本文详细分析了赫尔辛基的库洛萨里区和蒙基涅米-哈加区。库洛萨里区是在建筑师L.Sonck（1870-1956）的领导下于1907年开始规划和建造的。由于小岛的情况，居民可以享受与大自然的平静和舒适的环境。另一方面，它的封闭性或排他性，这是从整个城市的发展所造成的分裂是成为一个讨论的主题。Munkkiniemi-Haaga的建议书出版了E.Saarinen（1873-1950），建筑师在1915年。该项目具有理性主义的特点，对人口或系统的交通网络进行了统计估计，可以毫不夸张地说，它是第一个将现代城市规划方法引入芬兰的项目。这两个项目虽然在质量上有很大的不同，但都反映了后期民族浪漫主义的本质。此外，它们奠定了芬兰现代建筑在20世纪30年代以后的独特性格的基础，因为它们不仅有“现代城市”，而且还有“原始森林”作为起点。在许多国家现代化进程的例子中，我们可以强调芬兰民族浪漫主义的特殊性。特别是这一时期的居住区规划，更应引起今后研究课题的高度重视。

The aim of this study project is to make researches into the Finnish architecture of National Romantic period (c. 1895-1915), especially into the residential area plannings of its late phase. Kulosaari district and Munkkiniemi-Haaga district of Helsinki are to be anlysed into details.Kulosaari was planned and constructed from 1907 according to the leadership of L.Sonck (1870-1956), architect. Because of the situation on a small island, the inhabitants could afford to enjoy the calm and comfortable circumstances with nature. On the other hand, its closeness or exclusiveness which is caused by the division from the development of the whole city is to become a subject of discussion.The proposal book for Munkkiniemi-Haaga was published by E.Saarinen(1873-1950), architect in 1915. The project has a rationalistic character with statistical estimate of population or systematic traffic network, and it is no exaggeration to say that it was the first project that introduced the method of modern city planning to Finland. However, it was too idealistic or radical to be realised in that period in this country.Although these two projects are very different in quality from each other, both of them reflect the essence of late National Romanticism. In addition, they laid the foundations of the unique character of Finnish modern architecture after 1930s, because they have, as a starting point, not only "modern city" but also "virgin forest". Among many examples of modernisation process in various countries, we can emphasize the speciality of National Romanticism in Finland. Especially, the residential area plannings of this period should attract more considerable attention in the following research projects from now on.