HISTORICAL STUDY ON THE RESIDENTIAL AREA PLANNINGS BASED ON NATIONAL ROMANTICISM OF FINLAND

本研究项目的目的是研究民族浪漫主义时期（约1895-1915年）的芬兰建筑，特别是其后期的住宅区规划。对赫尔辛基的Kulosaari区和Munkkiniemi-Haaga区进行详细分析。Kulosaari从1907年开始在建筑师L.Sonck（1870-1956）的领导下进行规划和建造。由于地处小岛，居民可以享受宁静舒适的自然环境。另一方面，由于与整个城市的发展分离而造成的封闭性或排他性将成为讨论的主题。Munkkiniemi-Haaga的提案书由建筑师E.Saarinen（1873-1950）于1915年出版。该项目具有对人口或系统交通网络进行统计估计的理性主义特征，毫不夸张地说，它是第一个将现代城市规划方法引入芬兰的项目。然而，在那个时期，它过于理想化或激进，无法在这个国家实现。虽然这两个项目在质量上有很大的不同，但它们都反映了晚期民族浪漫主义的本质。此外，它们奠定了20世纪30年代后芬兰现代建筑的独特性，因为它们不仅有“现代城市”，还有“原始森林”作为出发点。在各国现代化进程的众多例子中，芬兰民族浪漫主义的特殊性尤为突出。尤其是这一时期的居住区规划，在今后的研究项目中应该得到更多的关注。

The aim of this study project is to make researches into the Finnish architecture of National Romantic period (c. 1895-1915), especially into the residential area plannings of its late phase. Kulosaari district and Munkkiniemi-Haaga district of Helsinki are to be anlysed into details.Kulosaari was planned and constructed from 1907 according to the leadership of L.Sonck (1870-1956), architect. Because of the situation on a small island, the inhabitants could afford to enjoy the calm and comfortable circumstances with nature. On the other hand, its closeness or exclusiveness which is caused by the division from the development of the whole city is to become a subject of discussion.The proposal book for Munkkiniemi-Haaga was published by E.Saarinen(1873-1950), architect in 1915. The project has a rationalistic character with statistical estimate of population or systematic traffic network, and it is no exaggeration to say that it was the first project that introduced the method of modern city planning to Finland. However, it was too idealistic or radical to be realised in that period in this country.Although these two projects are very different in quality from each other, both of them reflect the essence of late National Romanticism. In addition, they laid the foundations of the unique character of Finnish modern architecture after 1930s, because they have, as a starting point, not only "modern city" but also "virgin forest". Among many examples of modernisation process in various countries, we can emphasize the speciality of National Romanticism in Finland. Especially, the residential area plannings of this period should attract more considerable attention in the following research projects from now on.