"Consensus Building" on the Environmental Education in Social Studies

为了改善社会科的环境教育，我们有以下两个目的。第一个目的是从“建立共识”的观点来检视社会科的环境教育，并提出新的教学理论。第二个目的是提出在义务教育阶段纳入“共识建立”过程的环境教育课程模式。为了实现这些目的，我们做了以下四个方面的工作。(1)我们将“共识建构”的观点纳入社会科教育中的公民教育理论，并说明“共识建构”在公民教育中的意义。(2)我们分析了“共识构建”的概念本身，并为新理论构建了一个框架。(3)我们展示了社会研究理论，其中包含基于该框架的共识建立过程。(4)在此基础上，我们提出了社会科环境教育的课程模式，其结果表明：1）“共识建构”的观点对以“决策”为目标的社会科环境教育有促进作用; 2）“共识建构”的概念由四个要素构成。这四个方面分别是共识的现实性、共识的程序性、共识的限制性和共识的成本性。3）以“建立共识”为目标的课程模式包含三个方面的观点。这三个方面分别是“我们”的观点、指导思想和激励水平。第一，关于小学垃圾处理中心建设问题的学习。第二，关于初中阶段碳税问题的学习。第三，关于初中社会科与科学的整合学习。

To improve the environmental education in social studies, we had the following two purposes. The first purpose was to examine the environmental education in social studies from the viewpoint of "consensus building" and to propose a new teach theory. The 2nd purpose was to propose the environmental education lesson model which incorporated the process of "consensus building" at the compulsory education level.To achieve these purposes, we did the following four.(1) We set the point of view of "consensus building" into the citizenship education theory in social studies education, and showed the meaning of "consensus building" in citizenship education.(2) We analyzed the concept of "consensus building" itself and made a framework for the new theory.(3) We showed the social studies theory which contained consensus building process based on that framework.(4) We developed the lesson model for the environmental education in social studies based on the new theory which was shown above.As a result, we could show the following three.1) The point of view of "consensus building" improves the social studies education which aims for "decision making".2) The concept of "consensus building" is composed of four elements. These are the reality of the consensus, the procedure of the consensus, the restriction of the consensus, and the costs of the consensus.3) The lesson model which aims for "consensus building" contains three viewpoints. These are the viewpoint of "WE ", the idea of guideline, and the level of drive.Last, we developed three lesson topics. First, about the learning of the waste treatment center construction problem at the primary school. Second, about the learning of the carbon tax problem at the junior high school. Third, about the integrated learning between social studies and science at the junior high school.