"Consensus Building" on the Environmental Education in Social Studies

为了提高社会研究中的环境教育，我们有以下两个目的。第一个目的是从“凝聚共识”的角度审视社会研究中的环境教育，并提出一种新的教学理论。第二个目的是提出在义务教育阶段融入“共识建立”过程的环境教育课程模式。为了实现这些目的，我们做了以下四个方面的工作：(1)将“共识建立”的观点融入到社会教育中的公民教育理论中，(2)分析了“共识凝聚”的概念本身，并构建了新理论的框架。(3)在此框架下展示了包含共识凝聚过程的社会学理论。(4)基于上述新理论，我们构建了社会学环境教育的课程模型。结果表明：1)“共识凝聚”的观点完善了以“决策”为目标的社会学教育。2)“共识凝聚”概念由四个要素组成。这是共识的现实性、共识的程序、共识的制约、共识的成本。3)以“共识构建”为目标的课程模式包含三个观点。这是“我们”的观点、指导思想和驱动水平。最后，我们开发了三个课程主题。第一，关于小学垃圾处理中心建设问题的学习。第二，关于初中学习碳税问题的情况。第三，关于初中阶段社科与理科的整合学习。

To improve the environmental education in social studies, we had the following two purposes. The first purpose was to examine the environmental education in social studies from the viewpoint of "consensus building" and to propose a new teach theory. The 2nd purpose was to propose the environmental education lesson model which incorporated the process of "consensus building" at the compulsory education level.To achieve these purposes, we did the following four.(1) We set the point of view of "consensus building" into the citizenship education theory in social studies education, and showed the meaning of "consensus building" in citizenship education.(2) We analyzed the concept of "consensus building" itself and made a framework for the new theory.(3) We showed the social studies theory which contained consensus building process based on that framework.(4) We developed the lesson model for the environmental education in social studies based on the new theory which was shown above.As a result, we could show the following three.1) The point of view of "consensus building" improves the social studies education which aims for "decision making".2) The concept of "consensus building" is composed of four elements. These are the reality of the consensus, the procedure of the consensus, the restriction of the consensus, and the costs of the consensus.3) The lesson model which aims for "consensus building" contains three viewpoints. These are the viewpoint of "WE ", the idea of guideline, and the level of drive.Last, we developed three lesson topics. First, about the learning of the waste treatment center construction problem at the primary school. Second, about the learning of the carbon tax problem at the junior high school. Third, about the integrated learning between social studies and science at the junior high school.