The Development of the Program to Support a Teacher and Teaching and Learning for Restructuring of Knowledge

本研究的目的是对已有的教与学理论进行反思。在与他人的互动中创造知识的过程被澄清。构建协作学习理论与教学方法。并基于所构建的协同教学理论和方法为教师提供支持。研究工作如下。(1)首先回顾了美国和日本的协同学习研究。其次，考虑了基于社会建构主义等思想的协作学习研究。我们国家的科学老师调查了如何考虑利用小组的课程。(3)将协作引入科学课堂，并验证了效果。内容有以下五点。1)在科学课上听取小组讨论的效果。组成小组的更多成员对学习的影响。3)互动与儿童知识重构。4)将外部表征引入会谈现场的效果。（外化，外部表征）5)支持协作学习的学习环境。这种协作学习的验证课所获得的知识如下。为了让孩子形成知识，需要先理清自己的想法。它使一个人的思想外化。准备好收集信息的场所是必要的。有必要在调查的基础上对其进行讨论。在小学阶段，当一个小组由相同素质的成员组成时，它是有效的。异质成员组成在初中教学中是有效的。构建支持协同学习的学习环境是必不可少的。在这些工作成果的基础上，孩子自己形成了知识，并展示了加深理解的课程设计。少

The purpose of this research reconsiders the theory of the teaching-learning which has so far been studied. Process in which knowledge is created in an interaction with the others is clarified. Building the theory and the teaching method of collaborative learning. Moreover, it aims at offering support to a teacher based on collaborative teaching-learning theory and method which were built.Research was done as follows. (1)Research on collaborative learning of the United States of America and Japan was reviewed at the beginning. Next, research of the collaborative learning which was based on ideas, such as social constructivism, was considered. (2)The teacher of the science of our country investigated how the lesson which utilized the small group would be considered. (3)Collaboration was taken in to science class and the effect was verified. The contents are the following five points. 1)effect of taking in talks of small group to science class. 2)effect which difference in combination of … More member who constitutes small group exerts at learning. 3)interaction and child's restructuring of knowledge. 4)effect of introducing external representations to scene of talks. (externalization, external representations) 5)learning environment which supports collaborative learning. The knowledge acquired from the verification lesson of such collaborative learning is as follows. In order for the child to form knowledge, it is required to clarify one's idea. And it is making it externalizing one's thought. It is necessary to prepare the place which collects information. It is necessary to make it discuss based on the investigated information. In an elementary school stage, when a group is composed of a member of the same quality, it is effective. Composing of a heterogeneous member is effective in a junior high school. Construction of the learning environment which supports collaborative learning is indispensable. Based on such fruits of work, the child formed knowledge by himself and showed the lesson design which deepens an understanding. Less