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Processes of Behavioral Choices for Optimizing the Benefit-Cost Balance ; Functional Roles of the Avian Striatum

优化效益-成本平衡的行为选择过程；

基本信息

批准号：
15370033
负责人：
MATSUSHIMA Toshiya
金额：
$ 9.73万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University (2005)Nagoya University (2003-2004)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15370033/
关键词：
brain behavior emotion cognition impulsiveness memory striatum association cortex 意欲辺縁系鳥基底核

项目摘要

Newly-hatched chicks of precocial birds show choice behaviors based on precise visual discrimination. Taking advantage of these features, we have examined behavioral processes responsible for decision-making, particularly those based on computation of benefit-cost balance. In addition to behavioral experiments and localized brain lesion experiments, we have accomplished a series of neural recording experiments, which lead us to the following conclusions.1. Basal ganglia (avian homologue of nucleus accumbens) codes proximity of anticipated food reward.One-to-two weeks old chicks quickly learn to accomplish color-discrimination operant behaviors reinforced by delayed food reward. Localized lesions to the ventral striatum caused a shift toward small-but-immediate (or spatially proximate) reward, away from alternative large-and-delayed (or spatially distant) reward, indicating an enhanced impulsiveness. Choices based on anticipated amount of food remained unchanged. Single-unit recording f … More rom this region revealed two populations of neurons, each of which selectively codes either the proximity or the amount, indicating that these two ecological variables are represented in distinct neuronal populations. These results also suggest a strong functional similarity between the avian and mammalian counterparts of the ventral striatum, thus indicating a highly conserved function.2. Arcopallium (avian anaglogue of association cortex) codes handling cost of anticipated food reward.Neuronal recordings revealed coding of auditory working memory as well as that of anticipated food reward. Lesions to this area caused a handling-cost aversion without any sign of impulsiveness or the aversion of access time. The arcopallium is a avian-unique structure, which has similar functional roles as the mammalian frontal association cortex. These results suggest convergent evolution of the avian and mammalian telencephalon.3. Diminishing return and lost opportunity ; laboratory model system of ecologically realistic decision-making.A novel task has been developed, mimicking the essential features of optimal foraging theory (optimal patch use model) in the laboratory condition using chicks as subject. In particular, the behavioral responses to lost-opportunity have been quantitatively measured, thus allowing us to penetrate into the brain mechanisms underlying the decisions. Less

早熟鸟类的雏鸟表现出基于精确视觉辨别的选择行为。利用这些特点，我们已经研究了行为过程负责决策，特别是那些基于计算的收益-成本平衡。除了行为学实验和局部脑损伤实验外，我们还完成了一系列的神经记录实验，主要结论如下：1.基底神经节（鸟类的丘脑核同源物）编码预期食物奖励的接近性。一到两周大的小鸡很快学会完成颜色辨别的操作性行为，延迟食物奖励强化。腹侧纹状体的局部病变导致转向小，但立即（或空间接近）的奖励，远离替代大和延迟（或空间遥远）的奖励，这表明增强的冲动。基于预期食物量的选择保持不变。单台录音机 ...更多信息从这个区域揭示了两个群体的神经元，其中每一个选择性编码的接近或数量，这表明这两个生态变量是在不同的神经元群体表示。这些结果也表明了鸟类和哺乳动物腹侧纹状体之间的功能相似性，从而表明了高度保守的功能。鸟类的关联皮层（arcopallium）编码预期食物奖励的处理成本，神经元记录显示听觉工作记忆和预期食物奖励的编码。这一区域的损伤引起了处理成本厌恶，但没有任何冲动或厌恶访问时间的迹象。Arcopallium是鸟类特有的结构，具有与哺乳动物额叶联合皮层相似的功能作用。这些结果表明鸟类和哺乳动物端脑的趋同进化。以雏鸡为研究对象，在实验室条件下模拟最优觅食理论（最优斑块利用模型）的基本特征，建立了一个新的生态现实决策模型系统。特别是，对失去机会的行为反应进行了定量测量，从而使我们能够深入了解决策背后的大脑机制。少