Organization that supports innovation and its incentive system

这笔赠款使两个项目产生了两组结果。首先，我们使用基于主体的模型进行的模拟表明，在探索新的可能性和利用旧的确定性（Jim March（1994）定义的两种不同的知识创造活动）之间取得平衡是一个具有挑战性的管理问题。成功的组织往往分为两类：一类是不断探索和创新的组织，另一类是善于开发和利用组织知识的组织。跨越这两种类型往往会失败，因为吸收多样化的知识和积累组织知识，共享阻碍彼此。我们详细阐明了这一结果背后的机制。其次，利用RIETI对1995 - 2002年日本专利申请发明人的调查数据，实证研究了研发人员的动力来源。我们考察了内在动机和外在动机如何影响研究人员的研发效率，以及企业采用的发明报酬政策是否符合激励理论。研究发现：(1)对推进科学技术和解决具有挑战性的任务感兴趣等内在动机与发明生产率显著正相关，但我们可以否定这种相关性是由未被观察到的发明家特征（如获得科学发现或能力）引起的假设，这些特征被认为与内在动机和发明生产率都相关；(2)企业采用的发明报酬政策似乎没有反映内在动机的强度，这与我们所建立的理论不一致。

The grant enabled two projects to produce two sets of results. First, our simulation using an agent-based model demonstrated that taking balance between exploration of new possibilities and exploitation of old certainties, two distinct knowledge creation activities defined by Jim March (1994), is a challenging managerial issue. Successful organizations tend to bifurcate into two types : those who always explore and keep being innovative and those who are good at developing and exploiting organizational knowledge. Straddling between the two types often fail because absorbing diverse knowledge and accumulating organizational knowledge that to be shared hamper each other. We clarified the mechanism behind this result in detail. Second, we empirically studied the sources of motivation for R & D researchers using the dataset from the survey of Japanese inventors who applied for patents between 1995 and 2002 conducted by RIETI. We asked how intrinsic and extrinsic motivations affected the R & D productivity of researchers and whether the invention remuneration policies adopted by firms are consistent with incentive theory. We found that: (1) intrinsic motives such as interests in advancing science and technology and solving challenging tasks are significantly positively associated with inventive productivity but we could reject the hypotheses that the correlation was caused by unobserved inventor characteristics such as access to scientific discoveries or ability that are believed to be related with both intrinsic motivation and inventive productivity ; and (2) invention remuneration policies adopted by firms do not seem to reflect the strength of intrinsic motivation, which is inconsistent with the theory we developed.