Push and pull factors of high school-university partnerships : Adaptive strategies of Japanese universities in the era of declining college age population.

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This study collected and analyzed various high school-university collaborative programs which are implemented by Japanese universities since 2000, by focusing on the expectation gaps between high schools and universities. The results of the qualitative and quantitative analyses helped us to reveal push and pull factors for high school -university partnerships. The Majority of analyzed programs are "cooperative" rather than "collaborative". It was suggested that inter-organizational approach on the high school-university partnerships provides valuable insights into those factors as organizational, administrative and environmental conditions which facilitate high school-university partnership programs effectively.