Portfolio Development in Japanese Higher Education

作品集是根据特定标准从具有代表性的选择中编译而成的作品的集合。作品集为专业人士和学习者的成长和成就提供了切实的证据。在众多的绩效评估方法中，投资组合是当今北美学校环境中使用最广泛的方法之一。作品集在美国高等教育中有许多不同的用途和层次，包括机构宣传材料、个人网页、教师任期审查档案和职业规划文件。它在美国大学的所有学科中都被使用。本研究旨在通过广泛的文献综述和对美国几所大学的实地考察，更深入地了解档案在高等教育中使用的潜力。这也是一种开发用于日本大学的作品集原型的尝试。本报告的第1章到第5章介绍了(1)写作作品集，(2)课程作品集和(3)美国各高校学习作品集的例子。第六章提供了日本一所大型研究型大学新生研讨会的两个部分中使用的作品集的细节。手册标题的日语翻译为“促进和终身职位的投资组合开发”（学术卓越中心，1997年），在第7章中提出。此外，还提出了两种用于教师评价的作品集原型。投资组合评估最有价值的方面是它将评估与指导联系起来。随着对日本大学生学习的理解压力的增加和日本高等教育问责的外部压力，有人认为档案袋将成为促使日本大学生主动学习和培养反思思维的有力工具。为了使作品集更有用，有必要对学习者的工作进行深思熟虑的样本，并解释选择过程和商定的适当评分指南。少

A portfolio is a collection of work, compile from representative selections based upon specific criteria. A portfolio provides tangible evidence of professionals' as well as learners' growth and achievement. Among many methods of performance assessment, portfolio has been one of the most widely used in school settings in the North America today. Portfolios serve many divers purposes and levels in American higher education, including institutional promotional materials to personal Web pages, faculty tenure review dossies and career planning document. It is used in all disciplines in universities in the US.This research intended to gain a deeper understanding of the potentials of portfolio use in higher education by extensive literature reviews and site visits to several universities in the US. It was also an attempt to develop prototypes of portfolios to be used in Japanese universities. The Chapters 1 through 5 of this report introduce examples of (1)writing portfolios, (2)course portf … More olios and (3)learning portfolios in various colleges and universities in the US. In Chapter 6, the details of portfolios used in two sections of the freshmen seminars in a large research university in Japan were provided. The Japanese translation of a manual title as "Portfolio development for promotion and tenure"(Center for Academic Excellence, 1997) is presented in Chapter 7. In addition, two prototypes of portfolios for faculty evaluation were proposed.The most valuable aspects of portfolio assessment is that it links assessment with instruction. With increased pressure for better understanding of Japanese college students' learning and external pressure for accountability of Japanese higher education, it was suggested that portfolios would become a powerful tool for making Japanese college students to engage active learning and fostering their reflective thinking. To make the portfolio more useful, a thoughtful sample of the learner's work with an explanation of the selection process and agreed-upon appropriate scoring guides are necessary. Less