Tumorigenicity by TGF-βsignaling

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TMEPAI gene is synergistically activated by both wnt and TGF-β signaling.C18Orf1, one of TMEPAI family, can inhibit TGF-β signaling like TMEPAI.Both TMEPAI and C18Orf1 knockout mice were generated. However, no phenotypes for both mice have been observed.The structure of blood vessels from endothelial cell-specific Smad2/3 double knockout mice seems to be fragile because the expressions of claudin 5, S1PR1 and N-cadherin are reduced in the endothelial cells from those mice.Endothelial cells from endothelial cell-specific Smad2/3 double knockout mice reveal morphological change when cells receive shear stress.