Food Security and Sustainable Development Goals in Asia: Issues and Governance Challenges

在其奖学金的最后一个财政年度，该研究员进行了一次实地访问，收集了与先进商业农业相比，在自给农业中采用气候智能型农业（CSA）实践的定性和定量数据。她的主要发现如下：-政策扩散的障碍可持续农业技术能够提高资源效率-它们有助于在使用更少的土地、水和能源的情况下提高农业产量，确保农民的盈利能力。这些方法主要包括保护和增强作物和土壤、改善水分吸收和使用有效的种子处理等。尽管国家和国际农业组织为在印度推广CSA做法做出了相当大的努力，但这些做法的采用率很低。政策扩散的障碍受到人口特征、农地特征、市场准入、社会经济、气候风险、获得推广服务和培训的机会等因素的严重影响。鉴于识字率和农业生存水平较低，很难采用资本密集型气候智能型技术方法。-社区接受度现代和资本密集型的CSA主要被进步的农民所采用，他们可以进入更好的市场，并且有能力购买优质产品的客户。需要对那些使用CSA做法的农民进行交叉补贴。这将最终促进气候智能型农业实践的采用。

During her last fiscal year of her fellowship, the fellow conducted a field visit to collect qualitative and quantitative data about adoption of climate smart agricultural (CSA) practices in subsistence vis-a-vis advanced commercial agriculture. Her major findings are as follows ：-Barriers to policy diffusionSustainable agriculture techniques enable higher resource efficiency - they help produce greater agricultural output while using lesser land, water and energy, ensuring profitability for the farmer. These essentially include methods that, among other things, protect and enhance the crops and the soil, improve water absorption and use efficient seed treatments. Despite considerable effort by both national and international agricultural organizations to promote CSA practices in India, adoption of these practices is low. The barriers to policy diffusion is severely affected by demographic characteristics, farm plot features, access to market, socio-economics, climate risks, access to extension services and training. Given the low level of literacy and subsistence level of agriculture it is being difficult to adopt capital intensive climate smart technical methods.-Community acceptanceThe modern and capital intensive CSA are mostly adopted by progressive farmers who have accesses to improved markets and customers who can pay for their premium products. Cross subsidy to those farmers who are using CSA practices is needed. This would eventually facilitate the adoption of climate smart agriculture practices.