Jackson Heart Study (JHS) Graduate Training and Education Center (GTEC) - Sheila Malone Diversity Supplement

杰克逊心脏研究（JHS）是在非裔美国人群体中进行的最大规模的心血管疾病调查，是在杰克逊、密西西比大都会区海因兹、麦迪逊和兰金县进行的一项单中心前瞻性流行病学调查。JHS由美国国家心脏、肺和血液研究所（NHLBI）和美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）的国家少数民族健康和健康差异研究所（NIMHD）赞助。JHS最初是三个当地机构之间的合作伙伴关系：杰克逊州立大学，图加洛学院和密西西比大学医学中心，招募了5,306名年龄在35岁至84岁之间的非洲裔美国人。纳入家庭成员是为了研究CVD的家族和遗传贡献。该研究的初步审查阶段从2000年秋季持续到2004年3月，涉及广泛的审查，包括一系列问卷调查（处理生活习惯、病史、药物、社会和文化因素），身体评估（身高、体重、体型、血压、心电图、心脏和颈部动脉的超声测量，和肺功能）和实验室测量（胆固醇和其他脂质、葡萄糖、与血液凝固相关的指标等）。本研究收集的信息包括传统的危险因素和可能与CVD相关的新的或新兴的因素。它还包括较新的重点领域，包括疾病的早期指标，遗传学，社会文化影响，如社会经济地位和歧视，以及常见疾病之间的生理关系，如高血压，肥胖和糖尿病及其对心血管疾病的影响。第二次考试于2005年至2008年进行，第三次考试于2009年至2012年进行。JHS的下一阶段从2013年延长到2018年，不包括临床检查。 JHS的五个主要目标是：（1）支持JHS调查人员专门的时间进行数据分析，并使用收集的JHS数据编写手稿;（2）促进获得研究资源和专业知识，以便：（a）让JHS以外的研究人员参与现有数据的合作分析，以产生高质量的出版物;（B）酌情作为本科生和研究生以及早期职业调查人员的培训基地，以帮助缓解少数民族生物医学研究人员的短缺问题;（c）作为辅助研究的平台;（3）每年对参与者进行访谈，以确定临时住院和门诊就诊情况，传达有关JHS的信息，并作为招募辅助研究的工具;（4）继续临床事件识别、调查和验证，以提高风险预测和假设检验的统计能力;（5）进行社区健康教育活动，在杰克逊社区传播促进健康和预防疾病的信息。JHS研究生培训和教育中心（GTEC）有四个目标，将有助于帮助JHS实现其所有目标，特别是上面列出的目标2b。GTEC的四个目标是：（1）加强参与学生的科学和数学知识基础;（2）提供创新计划，研究机会和导师，以激发和培养学生对科学和研究的兴趣;（3）为更广泛的受众制作有关教育主题的出版物和信息文章;及（4）鼓励学生为将来的生物医学事业继续深造。

The Jackson Heart Study (JHS), the largest investigation of CVD undertaken in an African-American population, is a single-site prospective epidemiologic investigation in the Jackson, Mississippi metropolitan area of Hinds, Madison, and Rankin counties. The JHS is sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The JHS started as a partnership between three local institutions: Jackson State University, Tougaloo College, and the University of Mississippi Medical Center and recruited 5,306 African-American men and women between the ages of 35 and 84. Family members were included in order to permit studies of familial and genetic contributions to CVD. The initial examination phase of the study lasted from the fall of 2000 to March 2004 and involved an extensive examination that included a series of questionnaires (dealing with lifestyle habits, medical history, medications, social and cultural factors), physical assessments (height, weight, body size, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, ultrasound measurements of the heart and arteries in the neck, and lung function) and laboratory measurements (cholesterol and other lipids, glucose, indicators related to clotting of the blood, among others). The information collected in this study includes both conventional risk factors and new or emerging factors that may be related to CVD. It also included newer areas of focus comprising early indicators of disease, genetics, socio-cultural influences, such as socioeconomic status and discrimination, and physiological relations between common disorders such as high blood pressure, obesity and diabetes and their influence on CVD. Exam 2 was conducted between 2005 and 2008, and Exam 3 from 2009 to 2012. The next phase of the JHS extended from 2013-2018 and did not include a clinic exam. The five major aims of the JHS are: (1) Support dedicated time for JHS investigators to conduct data analysis and prepare manuscripts using the wealth of collected JHS data; (2) Facilitate access to study resources and expertise in order to: (a) engage researchers beyond the JHS in collaborative analysis of existing data to produce high quality publications; (b) serve as a training ground for undergraduate and graduate students and early career investigators, as appropriate, to help ameliorate the shortage of minority biomedical researchers; and (c) serve as a platform for ancillary studies; (3) Conduct annual interviews with participants to identify interim hospitalizations and outpatient visits, convey information about the JHS, and serve as a vehicle to recruit for ancillary studies; (4) Continue clinical events identification, investigation, and validation to improve statistical power for risk prediction and hypothesis testing; (5) Perform community health education activities to disseminate health promotion and prevention messages in the Jackson community. The JHS Graduate Training and Education Center (GTEC) has four objectives that will serve to help the JHS achieve all of its aims in general and, in particular, Aim 2b listed above. The four objectives of the GTEC are to: (1) strengthen the base of participating students' knowledge of science and mathematics; (2) provide innovative programs, research opportunities, and mentorship to stimulate and nurture students' interest in science and research; (3) produce publications and informational articles on educational topics for broader audiences; and (4) encourage students to pursue further training for future biomedical careers.