How Does Post-Brexit Britain Wish To Exercise Its Sovereignty?

在公投期间和公投后，英国政治的一个关键特征是投票留欧的人和支持脱欧的人之间分歧的力量。对于英国退欧后与欧盟的关系应该是什么，双方一直倾向于持不同的观点。现在，他们可能会对英国现在必须做出的选择采取不同的立场，因为英国承担了目前完全或部分由欧盟决定的那些政策领域的责任。如果是这样的话，这种两极分化--以及党内分歧--一直是最近英国政治的一个标志，可能会持续到英国退欧本身之后。然而，使用传统的调查方法来研究公众对英国退欧后政策选择的态度受到限制，因为到目前为止，公众对政策制定者将面临的各种选择和权衡缺乏公开辩论。这个项目将通过使用审慎的方法来研究公众的态度来满足这些限制，重点关注英国退欧后政策的三个领域-移民、劳动力市场监管以及食品生产和安全。我们尤其将使用一种被称为审慎民意调查的方法。在这一方法下，随机抽样的参与者可以获得关于投票主题的信息和专门知识，并参与促成的关于利害关系问题的小组讨论图表。在讨论前后，参与者的态度和知识都通过自我完成问卷进行测量。因此，这种方法不仅可以确定民意的平衡是否会在审议之后发生变化，而且还可以确定为什么会发生变化，以及在哪些类型的选民中发生变化。这使得当选民对一个主题有更好的了解时，可以确定可能被证明具有说服力的论点和考虑因素。使用这种方法，我们将能够确定由于审议的结果，留欧和脱欧选民之间先前的任何观点分歧在多大程度上被削弱或加强，从而确定这些分歧是否可能在未来关于公共政策的辩论中永久存在。同时，我们亦可让决策者知道公众对他们所考虑的各项政策选择可能作出的反应，并建议以最有效的方法提出他们决定推行的任何特定政策选择。到目前为止，评议民调基本上是面对面进行的。然而，在这个项目中，在英国中心地点进行面对面调查之前，将使用视频通信在网上进行试点和全面审议调查。虽然两次讨论相隔一年，但两次讨论的结构将是相似的，从而有助于首次系统地比较视频增强的在线和面对面讨论的影响。在每个关键阶段，该项目将主要针对非学术受众进行简报，概述其最新研究结果。然后，每项民意调查的结果都将在年度英国社会态度报告中发表的章节中更深入地报告，并在向政策制定者发表的演示文稿中公布。该项目的全部发现将在学术文章和一本书中报告。研究将由学者和政策制定者组成的咨询委员会全程指导，以确保审议是平衡的，并确保所有利益攸关方的信任。

One key feature of British politics during and since the referendum has been the strength of the division between those who voted Remain and those who backed Leave. The two sides have been inclined to take different views about what the UK's post-Brexit relationship with the EU should be. Now there is a possibility that they might take different stances about the choices that the UK now has to make as it takes on responsibility for those policy areas that are currently wholly or partly decided by the EU. If this were to be the case the polarisation - and intra-party dissensus - that has been a hallmark of recent British politics could continue well beyond Brexit itself.However, using conventional survey methods to research public attitudes to post-Brexit policy choices is constrained by what to date has been a lack of public debate about the various options and trade-offs that will face policy-makers. This project will meet these constraints by using a deliberative approach to researching public attitudes, focusing on three areas of post-Brexit policy - on immigration, labour market regulation and food production and safety.In particular, we will use an approach known as Deliberative Polling. Under this approach, a random sample of participants are given access to information and expertise about the poll's subject matter and take part in facilitated group discussions about the issues at stake charts. Participants' attitudes and knowledge are measured via a self-completion questionnaire both before and after the deliberation. As a result, the approach not only identifies whether the balance of public opinion changes in the wake of the deliberation, but also why and amongst which kinds of voters. This makes it possible to identify the arguments and considerations that are likely to prove persuasive as and when voters become better informed about a subject. Using this approach, we will be able to ascertain the extent to which any prior differences of outlook between Remain and Leave voters are weakened or reinforced as a result of deliberation, and thus whether they are or are not likely to be perpetuated in future debates about public policy. At the same time, we will be able to inform policy-makers of the likely public reaction to the various policy choices that they are considering and advise the most effective way of presenting any particular policy option that they decide to pursue. Deliberative polling has so far largely been conducted face to face. In this project, however, a face to face poll held at a central UK location will be preceded by both a pilot and a full deliberative poll undertaken online using video communication. Although conducted a year apart, the structure of the deliberation in the two exercises will be similar, thereby facilitating the first ever systematic comparison of the impact of video-enhanced online and face to face deliberation.At each key stage, the project will produce briefings aimed primarily at non-academic audiences that outline its latest findings. The results of each poll will then be reported in greater depth in chapters published in the annual British Social Attitudes report and in presentations given to policy-makers. The full findings of the project will be reported in academic articles and in a book. The research will be guided throughout by an Advisory Committee of academics and policy-makers with a view to ensuring that the deliberation is balanced and secures the confidence of all stakeholders.